We have studied the effects of range and distribution of data on product moment and rank correlation coefficients when deviation from a linear relationship was due solely to experimentally produced random error. All correlation coefficients (Pearson r, Spearman rho, and Kendall tau) were markedly influenced by the range of the data, and, for the rank correlation coefficients, the effect of rang...

We previously proposed a method of mapping full-complex spatial modulations into phase-only modulations. The Fourier transform of the encoded modulations approximates that of the original complex modulations. The amplitude of each pixel is encoded by the property that the amplitude of a random-phasor sum is reduced corresponding to its standard deviation. Pseudorandom encoding is designed for p...

Missing values and outliers are frequently encountered while collecting data. The presence of missing values reduces the data available to be analyzed, compromising the statistical power of the study, and eventually the reliability of its results. In addition, it causes a significant bias in the results and degrades the efficiency of the data. Outliers significantly affect the process of estima...

The paper presents an efficient and reliable feature descriptor for human detection in a top-view depth image that uses two statistical values of mean and standard deviation. Human detection performance of our descriptor outperform Rauter that use mean value and Simplified Local Ternary Pattern (SLTP). To evaluate the human detection performance using our descriptor, we capture 559 positive and...

Any desired diffraction pattern can be produced in the Fourier plane by the specification of a corresponding input-plane transparency. Complex-valued transmittance is generally required, but in practice phase-only transmittance is used. Many design procedures use numerically intensive, constrained optimization. We instead introduce a noniterative procedure that directly translates the desired b...

We develop a risk-efficient sequential procedure for estimating the parameter θ of the uniform density on (0,θ). We give explicit expressions for the distribution of the stopping time and derive its expectation and variance. We also tabulate the values of the expected stopping time and its standard deviation for some selected values of the parameter. Asymptotic properties such as efficiency and...

An analysis of the uncertainty in measuring the root-mean-square, rms or Rq, value of a periodic waveform which results from the use of a finite record length is presented. Even though the results of the analysis are somewhat as expected, i.e., that the uncertainty is inversely proportional to the number of periods in the record, the explicit relationship between the magnitude of the uncertaint...

Non-stationary random formation of stable nuclei from a small metastable system is considered. Distribution of waiting times to observe the first nucleus is examined, and it is shown that the steady-state nucleation rate is given by inverse of the standard deviation, which is independent of the post-critical size n where the nucleus is detected. The mean time, on the other hand, is n-sensitive ...

In addition to statistical significance, it is important to evaluate the magnitude of differences in health-related quality of life over time. Interest in establishing the minimal difference that is clinically important or the minimally important difference has burgeoned over the last few years. This review summarizes some of the leading approaches to estimating the minimally important differen...

We consider a single-index structure to study heteroscedasticity in regression with high-dimensional predictors. A general class of estimating equations is introduced, the resulting estimators remain consistent even when the structure of the variance function is misspecified. The proposed estimators also possess an adaptive property in an asymptotic sense. That is, they estimate the conditional...