The market for the public transit fare payment system using contactless smart cards is rapidly growing, however, the payment systems provided by different vendors are not interoperable. This paper presents an interoperable payment protocol for the public transit fare payment system using contactless smart cards. We also present implementation results of a PSAM (Purchase Secure Application Modul...

Many proposed payment systems allow the payer to remain anonymous during a transaction. However, this unconditional privacy protection could be misused by criminals, e.g. for blackmailing or money laundering. With a fair payment system, anonymous payments are still possible, but the anonymity can be removed with the help of a trusted party which need not be involved in the transaction itself. I...

n engl j med 360;7 nejm.org february 12, 2009 653 fees.1 Congress appropriately feared the potential problems with access to care that could result from such a fee reduction. But although putting more money into the same broken physician-reimbursement system may buy lawmakers a little more time to address the need for a new one — helpful only if they use it to set the direction for a new system...

Payment is an important factor in a purchase transaction. Ease of payment is a convenience factor in shopping. The easier way of payment of the service users will be more comfortable in the shop. The conditions will be different if the groceries are many and varied and the quality but the payment difficulties. In this research will be investigated whether the payment model most widely used on t...

The considerable increase of mobile device users in recent years causes a strong demand on secured wireless information services and reliable mobile commerce (m-commerce) applications. Since mobile payment (m-payment) is a critical part of most wireless information services and mobile commerce applications, how to build secured m-payment systems becomes a research hotspot. This paper presents a...

as mobile technologies are becoming more advanced and mobile devices are making a big impact on daily life, a new type of payment system named mobile payment (m-payment) has emerged, enabling users to pay from their wireless devices especially mobile phones. this paper analyzes currently available wireless-payment systems and finds the stored-value card to be the best overall payment scheme for...

We show the trends in the settlement means which are widely used today and compare the features of each type of means. We further compare to these the “server control type” solution which Oki Electric is promoting. * Section Head in charge of Solution Planning Section, Business Solution Dept., System Solution Company.