Lipoprotein membrane systems such as chloroplasts and the endoplasmic reticulum exhibit a generalized swelling response. The initial effect is an increase in interlamellar spacing, but as swelling proceeds, the membranes are transformed into closed thin-walled spherical vesicles. Available evidence suggests that morphogenesis of the endoplasmic reticulum of Nitella and the lamellar system of th...

The adsorption/desorption characteristics for light and heavy rare earth elements (REEs) on halloysite illite (which are beneficial the utilization of ion-adsorption RE ore) were systematically investigated compared. Additionally, fully charactered by XRD, SEM, microscope, zeta potential, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms buffer pH to build relationship between mechanisms minerals’ prope...

Steels containing large carbon concentrations are used particularly when a large hardness is required, for example in the manufacture of components such as bearings. This, however, makes it difficult to shape or machine the alloys during the process of component manufacture unless they are first heat–treated into a softened condition. One method of achieving this economically is to generate a m...

Using x-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy, we present structural and material properties of phosphatidylserine (PS) bilayers that may account for the well documented implications of PS headgroups in cell activity. At 30 degrees C, the 18-carbon monounsaturated DOPS in the fluid state has a cross-sectional area of 65.3 A(2) which is remarkably smaller than the area 72.5 A(2) of the DOPC analo...

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were synthesized into the interlamellar space of montmorillonite (MMT) by using the γ-irradiation technique in the absence of any reducing agent or heat treatment. Silver nitrate and γ-irradiation were used as the silver precursor and physical reducing agent in MMT as a solid support. The MMT was suspended in the aqueous AgNO(3) solution, and after the absorption o...

Fish respire through gills, which have evolved to extract aqueous oxygen. Fish gills consist of filaments with well-ordered lamellar structures, which play a role in maximizing oxygen diffusion. It is interesting that when we anatomically observe the gills of various fish species, gill interlamellar distances (d) vary little among them, despite large variations in body mass (Mb). Noting that th...

In this work the effect of cooling rate on dual-phase (L12/B2) AlCoCrFeNi2.1 Eutectic High-Entropy Alloy was investigated. powders were made using a drop-tube facility, achieving sizes ranging from 850 µm ? d < 1000–38 53 with corresponding estimated rates 114 Ks?1 to 1.75×106 K s?1 respectively. Average interlamellar spacing decreases 2.10 in as-cast alloy 348 nm 38 size fraction. Although dec...