This study investigates the chloride penetration resistance of fine recycled aggregate concrete (FRAC). Six mixes comprising 0.45 and 0.55 w/b were prepared using aggregates (FRA) at 0, 25 50% by volume replacement natural sand. The was tested surface electrical resistivity (SER), conductivity index (CCI), bulk diffusion tests. SER CCI tests conducted after 28 days 180 wet curing, while test ca...

PURPOSE Potential causes of drug resistance in solid tumors include genetically determined factors expressed in individual cells and those related to the solid tumor environment. Important among the latter is the requirement for drugs to penetrate into tumor tissue and to achieve a lethal concentration in all of the tumor cells. The present study was designed to characterize further the multice...

Principles of dimensional analysis are applied in a new interpretation of penetration of ceramic targets subjected to hypervelocity impact. The analysis results in a power series representation – in terms of inverse velocity – of normalized depth of penetration that reduces to the hydrodynamic solution at high impact velocities. Specifically considered are test data from four literature sources...

Using nano-technology materials in the asphalt pavement industry is new compared with Portland cement concrete. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of nano-silica modification on some properties of a penetration grade asphalt cement and a typical asphalt concrete. 60/70 penetration grade bitumen was modified with different percentages of nano-silica (i.e. 1, 3 and 5%,...

To reach cancer cells in optimal quantities, therapeutic agents must be delivered to tumors through their imperfect blood vascular system, cross vessel walls into the interstitium, and penetrate multiple layers of tissue. Strategies to enhance drug penetration have potential to improve therapeutic outcome. The development of multicellular layers (MCLs), in which tumor cells are grown on a semip...

IMPORTANCE Acellular dermal matrices have many current and potential applications, but their long-term safety has not been extensively studied. In particular, limited information exists regarding such materials' resistance to infection. OBJECTIVE To assess the resistance to microbial penetration of common acellular dermal matrix materials used in reconstruction after skin cancer excision, tre...

The extracellular matrix (ECM) may contribute to the drug resistance of a solid tumor by preventing the penetration of therapeutic agents. We measured differences in interstitial resistance to macromolecule (IgG) motion in four tumor types and found an unexpected correspondence between transport resistance and the mechanical stiffness. The interstitial diffusion coefficient of IgG was measured ...

Displacement finite element analysis is performed for a cone-penetration test in cohesionless soils. By modelling finite strain in the soil and large scale sliding at the penetrometer–soil interface, a more realistic penetration process is simulated in which the penetrometer is assumed to be rigid and the soil is assumed to be an elastic-perfect-plastic continuum obeying the Mohr–Coulomb criter...

Hierarchical composite materials design in biological exoskeletons achieves penetration resistance through a variety of energy-dissipating mechanisms while simultaneously balancing the need for damage localization to avoid compromising the mechanical integrity of the entire structure and to maintain multi-hit capability. Here, we show that the shell of the bivalve Placuna placenta (~99 wt% calc...

The (1,3)-β-glucan callose is a major component of cell wall thickenings in response to pathogen attack in plants. GTPases have been suggested to regulate pathogen-induced callose biosynthesis. To elucidate the regulation of callose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana, we screened microarray data and identified transcriptional upregulation of the GTPase RabA4c after biotic stress. We studied t...