High-efficiency video coding (HEVC) is a new video coding standard being developed by the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding. HEVC adopted numerous new tools, such as more flexible data structure representations, which include the coding unit (CU), prediction unit, and transform unit. In the partitioning of the largest coding unit (LCU) into CUs, rate distortion optimization (RDO) is appl...

A nonorthogonal binary frequency-shift keying is considered in frequency-hopped multiple-access communication systems with Reed–Solomon coding. The effect of tone spacing on the average number of successfully transmitted information bits per unit time per unit bandwidth (called normalized throughput) is examined in Rayleigh fading channels. The tradeoff among tone spacing, code rate, and number...

According to theory, the action of acetylcholine (ACh) and ACh-esterase is essential for the permeability changes of excitable membranes during activity. It is, therefore, pertinent to know the activity of ACh-esterase per unit axonal surface area instead of per gram nerve, as it has been measured in the past. Such information has now been obtained with the newly developed microgasometric techn...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: D21 D43 D44 D45 Keywords: Patent licensing Insider Asymmetric information Per unit royalty Ad valorem royalty We study an inside patent holder's optimal licensing policy when it has imperfect information about the value of the patent to its rival. The patent holder can choose any two-part licensing fee with either per unit or ad valorem royalties. We de...

In this paper we examine the accuracy and precision of three indices of catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE). We carried out simulations, generating catch data according to six probability distributions (normal, Poisson, lognormal, gamma, delta and negative binomial), three variance structures (constant, proportional to effort and proportional to the squared effort) and their magnitudes (tail weight). ...

Carbon accounting is at the heart of efforts to mitigate the effects of climate change. One approach for estimating population parameters for live tree stem carbon entails three primary steps: (1) construction of an individual tree, allometric carbon model, (2) application of the model to tree-level data for a probability sample of plots, and (3) use of a probability-based (design-based) estima...

Aboveground production in terrestrial plant communities is commonly expressed in amount of carbon, or biomass, per unit surface. Alternatively, expressing production per unit volume allows the comparison of communities by their fundamental capacities in packing carbon. In this work we reanalyzed published data from more than 900 plant communities across nine ecosystems to show that standing dry...

We report on results of a trawl survey to assess the abundance of Batoid fish resources in the Oman Sea. The catch per unit area CPUA as the main index was estimated. The objectives of this study were to determine the catch composition and distribution pattern of Batoid fishes in the study area and in different depth strata of the Oman Sea.A total of 82stations were randomly selected 2012. The ...