Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder and the most prevalent cause of joint pain across the spectrum of middle age to elderly. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of subjective norms and perceived behavioral control on self-care among elderly patients with osteoarthritis who are suffering from OA in Yazd city, Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study w...

abstract this study examines the relationship between reading anxiety and difficulty of texts as well as the relationship between reading anxiety and students perceived difficulty of the texts. since difficulty is a relative concept, i limited its definition by sticking to the readability formula. we also took students perceived difficulty levels into account. therefore, in the present study, ...

  Background: Adherences to diet is essential for the treatment of hemodialysis patients. Nonadherence to treatment is directly associated with worse clinical outcomes.This study was designed to determine the association between Adherences to diet with perceived social support and self-efficacy among hemodialysis patients .   Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 203 hemodialysis patients wer...

Introduction : Studies have shown that the level of basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence and communication) in nurses is low in proportion to their job position and this issue needs further investigation. Studies have also shown that communication, training and counseling can improve the level of self-determination needs, competence and autonomy in nurses. The effectiveness of cognit...

Aims: Diabetes is considered as a chronic and complex disease that, if not addressed, will turn into a serious problem for countries. On the other hand, life expectancy as a multidimensional, dynamic and powerful healing factor plays an important role in adapting to the disease. The present study aimed at predicting life expectancy among the diabetic patients based on self-efficacy, self-esteem...

The purpose of this study investigate the  training impact  cognitive – behavioral on perceived social support and self-efficacy were mothers of children with specific learning difficulties. Statistical population in this research were all mothers of children with specific learning difficulties. Studied sample in this research consisted of 30 mothers of children with specific le...

Background & objectives: Although, pregnancy and delivery are natural processes in woman's life, they are stressful experiences with emotional, physical and social changes. Woman’s response to pregnancy is affected by a variety of factors, among which pregnancy age can be considered as the most important factor with significant effects on pregnancy and delivery processes. This study was conduct...

the main purpose of this study was to investigate any relationship between high school efl teachers metaphorical understandings of their role in class and their self-efficacy beliefs. teachers metaphors were elicited through two different prompts: one picturing what they believed a language teacher should be like in class, and the other demonstrating what they are actually like in class; such...