conclusion the open-cell stent is effective and its performance is higher than that obtained with the closed-cell stent for treating central vein stenosis or occlusion in hemodialysis patients. results for the open-cell stent group, 159 patients were diagnosed as central vein stenosis and 98 were occlusion. for the closed-cell stent group, 78 were stenosis and 66 were occlusion. there were two ...

Spontaneous perirenal and subcapsular haemorrhage is a rare but important clinical condition and is often diagnostically very challenging. The appropriate treatment of these patients is based on making a fast and correct diagnosis of subcapsular and perirenal haemorrhage. Clinical symptoms are often non-specific and misleading and the radiological methods, based on ultrasound (US) and CT imagin...

Patients presenting with flank pain are likely to have urological pathology but when features of hypotension are present high index of suspicion is needed to reach the cause such as perirenal haemorrhage. Spontaneous perirenal haemorrhage (SPH) is an uncommon presentation of vasculitis, autoimmune disease or malignancy. It is common in males in the age group between 30 and 60 years. Polyarterit...

Three-week old female mice were ovariectomized. From weaning at 4 weeks they were fed either a control or a high fat diet. When 32 weeks old, the ovariectomized mice weighed more than the sham-operated ones, whichever diet they were fed. Food intake decreased 140 days after castration. Ovariectomized mice fed the control diet showed fat cell hypertrophy at three sites and hyperplasia of the per...

Spontaneous perirenal heamatoma is a rare medical emergency and is difficult to diagnose early. It mostly occurs secondary to rupture of a renal tumor (61.5%) and vascular disease (17%). We report a case of 28 yearold man without a history of systemic disease or trauma, who had progressive severe right flank pain without hematuria or hydronephrosis for one day. He was initially diagnosed as hav...