The effect of a TEI enhancer mixed system consisting of triethanolamine (T), ethanol (E) and isopropyl myristate (IPM) on the skin permeation of acidic, basic and neutral drugs were evaluated in vitro using excised hairless rat skin. The binary enhancer system consisting of IPM and ethanol (El) produced marked improvement on the penetration of all the drugs tested. When T was added to the EI sy...

The permeation of different organic molecules in water solvent and in 12% ethanolwater solution by hydrophilic reverse osmosis membrane was studied. The membrane was conditioned to the ethanol-water solution before the experiments. Initially, the membrane was characterized by water and ethanol-water solutions. The permeation of four solutes (tyramine, proline, glucose and tartaric acid) showed ...

This study proposes using membrane distillation (MD) as an alternative to the conventional multi-stage flushing (MSF) process to concentrate a semi-product of organic fertilizer. By applying a unique asymmetric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane, which was specifically designed for MD applications using a nonsolvent thermally induced phase separation (NTIPS) method, the direct contact memb...

integrally skinned asymmetric membranes based on nanocompositepolyethersulfone were prepared by the phase separation process using the supercritical co2 as a nonsolvent for the polymer solution. in present study, the effects of temperature and nanoparticle on selectivity performance and permeability of gases has beeninvestigated. it is shown that the presence of silica nanoparticles not only di...

The main aim of the study was to develop and statistically optimize the proniosomal gel for enhanced transdermal delivery using 3(2) factorial designs to investigate the influence of both non-ionic surfactant and cholesterol to maximize the entrapment efficiency and flux. The concentration of non-ionic surfactant and cholesterol were taken as independent variables, while entrapment efficiency a...

Galantamine hydrobromide (GH) is an effective drug for Alzheimer's disease. It is currently delivered via the oral route, and this might cause nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal disturbance. In the present work, GH was formulated in a gel-type drug reservoir and then optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design. This optimization study involved thr...

Transdermal patches were developed for a low oral bioavailable drug, lacidipine (LCDP) employing ethyl cellulose/Eudragit RL100 and polyvinyl pyrollidone (PVP) as polymeric matrices. The effect of binary mixtures of polymers on physicochemical properties such as thickness, moisture absorption and moisture content; in vitro release, ex vivo permeation and mechanical properties was evaluated. Ex ...

The enhancing effect of electroporation on the in vitro skin permeation of benzoate was evaluated. Needle and ring electrodes made of Ag/AgCl were connected to an electrical power source, which produced exponentially decaying pulses. The needle electrode was kept in contact with the skin surface, and the ring electrode was positioned either on or under the skin. The electrical pulse was applied...

The purpose of this work was to study the effect of various permeation enhancers on the permeation of salbutamol sulphate (SS) buccal patches through buccal mucosa in order to improve the bioavailability by avoiding the first pass metabolism in the liver and possibly in the gut wall and also achieve a better therapeutic effect. The influence of various permeation enhancers, such as dimethyl sul...

In the present study, chitosan membranes capable of imitating permeation characteristics of diclofenac diethylamine across animal skin were prepared using cast drying method. The effect of concentration of chitosan, concentration of cross-linking agent (NaTPP), crosslinking time was studied using Taguchi design. Taguchi design ranked concentration of chitosan as the most important factor influe...