background: to perform screening for colonic cancer and to diagnose other colic diseases, colonoscopies are required. comfort of patient during colonoscopy is very important. currently, there are two types of sedation used during colonoscopy-the general anesthesia and sedoanalgesia. sedo-analgesia is the most frequently used type of sedation employed during colonoscopy worldwide. materials and ...

BACKGROUND One of the unpleasant side effects of general anesthesia is shivering in the process of recovery. It is an involuntary oscillatory mechanical movement that can be classified as clonic movements. These movements can affect one or several groups of skeletal muscles beginning from 5 to 30 minutes after the discontinuation of anesthesia. OBJECTIVES We aimed to study ketamine's effect o...

This study aimed to evaluate whether combined oral oxycodone hydrochloride-controlled release tablets plus paracetamol and tramadol hydrochloride tablets are more effective than epidural analgesia for postoperative pain control and side effects after cesarean section. We randomly enrolled 60 patients scheduled for cesarean section into either: patient-controlled epidural analgesia with 0.1% rop...

A simple, precise, rapid and low-cost potentiometric method for pethidine determination in pharmaceuticals and urine is proposed. A chemically modified carbon paste electrode (CMCPE) for pethidine hydrochloride (PDCl) based on pethidine-phosphotungstate (PD-PT) as ion-pair complex was prepared and fully characterized in terms of composition, usable pH range, response time and temperature. The p...

An attempt is made to induce the pethidine suppressed gonadal activities by the administration of exogenous gonadotropins (hCG, PMSG, hCG + PMSG). Administration of 5 IU gonadotropins either separately or in combination to the rats treated with pethidine for 30 days resulted in the significant increase in the weight of testis, diameter of testis and seminiferous tubules. Gonadotropin(s) treatme...

1. The effects of four specific inhibitors of 5-hydroxytryptamine (K-HT) uptake on morphine-, methadone- or pethidine-induced antinociception was studied in rats. Antinociception was assessed by means of hot plate (55 degrees C) reaction times. The effect of the compounds on the uptake of [3H]-5-HT into rat whole brain synaptosomes was also investigated. 2. Pretreatment with Org 6582, citalopra...

OBJECTIVE The present study was undertaken to compare the haemodynamic responses with pethidine vs. Butorphanol intraoperatively in open cholecystectomy cases in KMCTH. METHOD In this randomized study, all together 40 patients undergoing routine cholecystectomy surgery were included. Group A received Pethidine 1 mg/kg and Group B received Butorphanol 0.04 mg/kg intraoperatively. Heart rate an...

Pethidine is a synthetic opioid substance with high addiction potential. It is commonly used in medicine pre and postoperatively to relieve the pain. A Pethidine addiction generally starts as iatrogenic and may be a problem for the clinicians when there is a real pain. Its opioid analgesic usage is legal, yet it is possible that it can be abused by the health care workers and addiction may beco...

An on demand intramuscular analgesic system using the Cardiff Palliator was tested. Forty consenting patients were studied after cholecystectomy in a double blind trial using increments of buprenorphine (0.15 mg), meptazinol (50 mg), morphine (5 mg), and pethidine (50 mg). Most patients attained good levels of pain relief (mean analogue pain score 36.5), comparable to intravenous on demand anal...