The pharmacokinetics of piperacillin were examined after single intravenous doses to three groups of male patients with creatinine clearances of greater than or equal to 60 (group I), greater than or equal to 20 but less than 60 (group II), and less than 20 (group III) ml/min per 1.73 m2. Each of 32 patients received either 1 or 4 g of piperacillin as a bolus injection. Three patients received ...

OBJECTIVE Gabapentin is being investigated as a potential treatment for occasional disturbed sleep. This study assessed the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of gabapentin 500 mg and the commonly prescribed sedative/hypnotic zolpidem tartrate 10 mg, administered separately and in combination. METHODS Forty healthy participants (19 male, 21 female) were randomized into this three-period crosso...

Taurolidine is an experimental antibacterial and antiendotoxic compound whose clinical utility as an antitumor agent is being investigated in human clinical trials. Taurolidine in aqueous solution exists in equilibrium with taurultam. Taurultam is subsequently transformed to taurinamide. The pharmacokinetic profiles of these metabolites are not well established. In this study, 18 healthy volunt...

BACKGROUND Insulin degludec is a new-generation basal insulin with an ultra-long duration of action. We evaluated the pharmacokinetic properties of insulin degludec in subjects with normal renal function; mild, moderate or severe renal impairment; or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS Thirty subjects (n = 6 per group) received a single subcutaneous dose of 0.4 U/k...

M. Heisen, X. Fan, T. Twellmann, J. Buurman, N. A. van Riel, G. S. Karczmar, and B. M. ter Haar-Romeny Biomedical Image Analysis, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands, Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, Healthcare Informatics-Clinical Science & Advanced Development, Philips Medical Systems, Best, Netherlands, Biomodeling and Bioinformatics, Techni...

The pharmacokinetics of trovafloxacin following administration of a single intravenous dose of alatrofloxacin, equivalent to 4 mg of trovafloxacin per kg of body weight, were determined in 6 infants (ages 3 to 12 months) and 14 children (ages, 2 to 12 years). There was rapid conversion of alatrofloxacin to trovafloxacin, with an average +/- standard deviation (SD) peak trovafloxacin concentrati...

OBJECTIVE This article seeks to test the hypothesis that repeated 1mg intravenous epinephrine dosing intervals of 3-minutes and 5-minutes results in differences in the total drug exposure and the maximum epinephrine concentration using simulated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) dosing. METHODS Published population pharmacokinetic parameters were identified in the literature and pharmacokin...

The limited sampling model (LSM) offers a means of estimating the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from only two timed plasma concentrations. In this study, pharmacokinetic profiles were simulated for 23 patients treated with amonafide, using each patient's individual pharmacokinetic parameters. Data were simulated for a dose of 250 mg/m2 administered over 1 h. The initial 15 patie...

Population pharmacokinetic parameters of meropenem in 57 febrile neutropenic patients and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) data for clinically isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were applied to estimate the time above the MIC (T>MIC) using the Monte Carlo simulation method. Mean population clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V(d)) of meropenem were proportional to...

With increasing antibiotic resistance in gram-negative pathogens, dosing strategies that optimize pharmacodynamic parameters of currently available antibiotics play an important role in treatment. The likelihood of success with piperacillin/tazobactam, a widely used broad-spectrum antibiotic, can be manipulated by increasing the amount of time that unbound drug concentrations remain above the p...