Matrix techniques are applied to the mode analysis of laser resonators having spherical mirrors and Gaussian profiles of the mirror reflectivity. These same analytical methods provide a useful approximation to the mode and loss characteristics of conventional resonators having an abrupt discontinuity of the reflectivity. Mode selection in apertured waveguides and resonators is also discussed.

Based on the harmonic balance method (HBM), an approximate solution is determined from the integral expression (i.e., first order differential equation) of some strongly nonlinear oscillators. Usually such an approximate solution is obtained from second order differential equation. The advantage of the new approach is that the solution converges significantly faster than that obtained by the us...

This paper describes the methodology and analytical methods used in nuclear forensic investigations. Two case studies are taken as examples to illustrate this. These examples represent typical cases that have been analysed at the Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU) since last 10 years, i.e. the beginning of the illicit trafficking of nuclear materials. Results of the various analytical te...

Introduction Conclusions References

It is well-known, that healthy people’s body produces natural autoantibodies (NAAB) to antigens of its own organs and tissues in the course of the whole life. It is anticipated that such NAAB take part in body clearance from natural catabolism products and participate in regulation of many physiological functions [1, 2]. Serum content of NAAB of the same specificity in healthy people is relativ...

In pharmaceutical industries, the validation of analytical methods is used to demonstrate that the method is fitted for its purpose; it must follow a plan which includes scope, performance characteristics, and acceptance limits. Analytical methods need to be validated or revalidated prior to their introduction into routine analyses (release of batch). The overarching philosophy in current good ...

The aim of the work was to develop a simple, economical and eco-friendly spectrophotometric method for determining metoprolol tartrate in tablets based on reaction with bromophenol blue (BPB).
 Material methods: A double–beam Shimadzu UV-Visible spectrophotometer, spectral bandwidth 1 nm wavelength accuracy ±0.5 nm, Model –UV 1800 (Japan), Software UV-Probe 2.62, pair cm matched quartz cel...

just like any other process, vaccine manufacturing procedures are defined as a series of interrelated functions and activities using a variety of specified actions and equipment designed to produce a defined product. to assure the reproducibility and consistency of such processes, they must be carried out using validated equipment and under the established procedures that meet all the acceptanc...

The term ‘conjugated estrogens’ refers to mixtures of at least eight compounds, including sodium estrone sulfate and sodium equilin sulfate, derived wholly or in part from equine urine or synthetically from estrone and equilin. Conjugated estrogens contain as concomitant components the sodium sulfate conjugates of 17α-dihydroequilin, 17β-dihydroequilin, and 17α-estradiol (United States Pharmaco...