Using DNA probes specific for the three members of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene family, we have studied the effects of the product of the PAL reaction, trans-cinnamic acid (CA), on the appearance of individual PAL transcripts in suspension cultured bean cells. Concentrations of CA in excess of 10(-4) molar inhibited appearance of elicitor-induced trans...

The effects of gibberellic acid on lignification in seedlings of a dwarf and a tall cultivar of pea (Pisum sativum) grown under red or white light or in the darkness, were studied. Gibberellic acid (10(-6)-10(-4)m) promoted stem elongation in both light and dark and increased the percentage of lignin in the stems of the light-grown dwarf pea. The gibberellin had no effect on the lignin content ...

The incorporation of [(14)C]phenylalanine and [1,6-(14)C]shikimic acid into tyrosine was investigated in the callus of Portulaca grandiflora, var. JR (L.). By inhibiting phenylalanine with 1-alpha-aminooxy-beta-phenyl-propionic acid and tyrosinase with 1-cysteine-HCl and hydrazine-hydrate, the possible synthesis of tyrosine from phenylalanine was demonstrated. Tetrahydropterine sulfate was an e...

l-Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (E.C. 4.3.1.5) from maize is active with l-tyrosine and l-phenylalanine and exhibits atypical Michaelis-Menten kinetics with both substrates. With phenylalanine as a substrate, the pH optimum is 8.7 and with tyrosine, 7.7. The estimated Km at high substrate concentrations is 0.27 mm for phenylalanine and 0.029 mm for tyrosine. However, the V(max) with phenylalanine...

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most used species for hydroponic green fodder. The chemical properties fodders may be enhanced through use various strategies during crop production, including stress applications. In this context, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a factor in controlled elicitation, technique to increase secondary metabolites food. aim research was evaluate possibility using...

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) links the plant primary and secondary metabolisms, its product, trans-cinnamic acid, is derived into thousands of diverse phenylpropanoids. Bambusa oldhamii BoPAL4 has broad substrate specificity using L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, L-3,4-dihydroxy phenylalanine (L-DOPA) as substrates to yield p-coumaric caffeic respectively. The optimum reaction pH for three was...

The tissue cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were induced from the mature embryos (explants) of the dry grains and grown on MS medium containing kinetin (0.1 mg/1) and 2,4 D (1.0 mg/l). The cultures were incubated for two weeks at (25+/-2) degrees C under a light/dark regime (16 h light daily). The formed calli were subcultured at the beginning of the stationary growth phase (15 days) wi...

Particulate and soluble fractions from leaves of Sorghum, Spinacia (spinach), and Coleus, capable of metabolizing l-phenylalanine to cinnamate or to caffeate, are also able to convert l-and d-phenylalanine to phenylacetate. Since cinnamate and phenylacetate are not effectively separated in commonly used chromatographic solvents, some of the isotropic assays used for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ...

The nonselective herbicide glyphosate (n-[phosphonomethyl]glycine) inhibited the light-induced accumulation of phenylpropanoid substances (chlorogenic acid, procyanidin, rutin, anthocyanin) in etiolated buckwheat hypocotyls 90% at 1 millimolar. Structurally related compounds, such as n,n-bis[phosphonomethyl]glycine, aminomethylphosphonate, methylglycine, and iminodiacetate, had little or no inh...

Etiolated pea (Pisum sativum cv. Midfreezer) seedlings respond to illumination with white light by changes in the activity of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid synthesizing enzymes. Unlike in cell cultures, changes in enzyme activity in pea seedlings are not concerted. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5) activity peaked approximately 18 hours after onset of illumination. The phenylacetate path...