Introduction Soft drinks are complex mixtures containing a variety of substances such as coloring compounds, flavoring agents, acidifiers, sweeteners, preservatives, and caffeine. Acidulants reduce the soft drink’s pH and thereby assist in beverage preservation for long-term storage. Acidulants can also be used as chelating agents, buffers, coagulators, and flavoring agents. In the latter role,...

This in-vitro study evaluated the effectiveness of six different enamel treatment procedures for bonding a dental sealant. Sixty extracted human molar teeth were separated into the following enamel treatment groups (10 teeth each): group 1 (control)-etched with 37% phosphoric acid; group 2-air polished (air abraded) with 45 microns particles of sodium bicarbonate; group 3-air abraded with 50 mi...

OBJECTIVE To assess four different chemical surface conditioning methods for ceramic material before bracket bonding, and their impact on shear bond strength and surface integrity at debonding. METHODS Four experimental groups (n = 13) were set up according to the ceramic conditioning method: G1 = 37% phosphoric acid etching followed by silane application; G2 = 37% liquid phosphoric acid etch...

Highly self-ordered alumina nanopore arrays were fabricated using hard anodization technique in different mixtures of oxalic/phosphoric acid. The phosphoric acid concentration was varied from 0.05 to 0.3 M while the oxalic acid concentration was changed between 0.3 and 0.4 M. The self ordered nanoporous arrays were obtained in anodization voltage changing from 130 to 200 V. The interpore distan...