We investigate a previously unknown phase of phosphorus that shares its layered structure and high stability with the black phosphorus allotrope. We find the in-plane hexagonal structure and bulk layer stacking of this structure, which we call "blue phosphorus," to be related to graphite. Unlike graphite and black phosphorus, blue phosphorus displays a wide fundamental band gap. Still, it shoul...

Phosphorus is a macronutrient that plays a number of important roles in plants. It is a component of nucleic acids, so it plays a vital role in plant reproduction, of which grain production is an important result. It is also critical in biological energy transfer processes that are vital for life and growth. Adequate phosphorus results in higher grain production, improved crop quality, greater ...

The over-application of phosphorus, as manure by animal feeding operations, is a threat to surface water quality. Concentration of animal feeding operations and over application of manures to cropland has lead to a build-up of phosphorus on many farms (Greaves et al., 1999). Relative to crop needs, manure slurries contain higher levels of phosphorus than nitrogen. When manure is applied to meet...

The pathogenesis and management of chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorders (CKD-MBD) has experienced major changes, but the control of serum phosphorus at all stages of CKD still seems to be a key factor to improve clinical outcomes. High serum phosphorus is the most important uremia-related, non-traditional risk factor associated with vascular calcification in CKD patients and in the gen...

We applied the SPARROW model to estimate phosphorus transport from catchments to stream reaches and subsequent delivery to major receiving water bodies in the Southeastern United States (U.S.). We show that six source variables and five land-to-water transport variables are significant (p<0.05) in explaining 67% of the variability in long-term log-transformed mean annual phosphorus yields. Thre...

Fish farming has seriously influenced the aquatic environment in Sancha reservoir in SW China since 1985 and has been strongly restricted since 2005. Thus, phosphorus speciation in a sediment core dated between 1945 and 2010 at cm-resolution and in surface sediments from Sancha reservoir may allow us track how fish farming impacts phosphorus dynamics in lake sediments. Fish farming shifts the m...

BACKGROUND Urine dopamine (DA) is produced in the proximal tubule and has been found to increase in response to dietary phosphorus intake, and to contribute to greater urinary phosphorus excretion in animal models. Whether urine DA is associated with phosphorus homeostasis in humans is uncertain. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 884 outpatients. DA was measured from 24-hour urine c...

Iron is an important element for modern sewage treatment, inter alia to remove phosphorus from sewage. However, phosphorus recovery from iron phosphorus containing sewage sludge, without incineration, is not yet economical. We believe, increasing the knowledge about iron-phosphorus speciation in sewage sludge can help to identify new routes for phosphorus recovery. Surplus and digested sludge o...

In-river phosphorus retention alters the quantity and timings of phosphorus delivery to downstream aquatic systems. Many intensive studies of in-river phosphorus retention have been carried out but generally on a short time scale (2–4 years). In this paper, monthly water quality data, collected by the Environment Agency of England and Wales over 12 years (1990–2001), were used to model daily ph...

We derive the structural principles of polyhedral allotropes of phosphorus, introducing three distinct families of black phosphorus nanostructures. The predicted tetrahedral, octahedral, and icosahedral phosphorus cages can also be considered as phosphorus fullerenes. Phosphorus cages up to P(888) are systematically investigated by quantum chemical methods, and their thermodynamic stabilities a...