A new green alternative vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method based on a natural hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent was developed for the extraction of 14 phthalic acid esters and one adipate in cold infusions tonic waters. Analyses were carried out using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Different mixtures monoterpene thymol (...

Introduction: Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is one of the most abundant phthalate esters and it is widely used as softeners in plastic products. Malformation, carcinogenicity, the poisoning of the reproductive system, and also the disruption of the human endocrine system are the harmful effects of these substances. Materials and Methods: In this research, the removal of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthal...

Humans have significant exposures to phthalates, as these chemical plasticizers are ubiquitously present in flexible plastics. Recent epidemiological evidence indicates that boys born to women exposed to phthalates during pregnancy have an increased incidence of congenital genital malformations and spermatogenic dysfunction, signs of a condition referred to as testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TD...

Sewage, a complex mixture of organic and inorganic chemicals, is considered to be a major source of environmental pollution. A random screen of 20 organic man-made chemicals present in liquid effluents revealed that half appeared able to interact with the estradiol receptor. This was demonstrated by their ability to inhibit binding of 17 beta-estradiol to the fish estrogen receptor. Further stu...

Phthalate esters are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that interact with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), a family of nuclear receptors. Molecular docking and free energy calculations were performed in an effort to identify novel phthalate ligands of PPARgamma, a subtype expressed in a wide range of human tissues. The method was validated using several agonists and part...

The occurrence of phthalate esters in freshwater and marine aquacultural species like rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and shi drum Umbrina cirrosa, respectively, were determined by immunohistochemical approach. The results showed a similar distribution in the gastrointestinal tract of both species. In particular, intense immunoreactivity was found at gastric gland level. In the intestinal tra...