The dorsal visual stream codes information crucial to the planning and online control of target-directed reaching movements in dynamic and cluttered environments. Two specific dorsally mediated abilities are the avoidance of obstacles and the online correction for changes in target location. The current study was designed to test whether or not both of these abilities can be performed concurren...

There is substantial evidence that sensory deprivation leads to important cross-modal brain reorganization that is paralleled by enhanced perceptual abilities. However, it remains unclear how widespread these enhancements are, and whether they are intercorrelated or arise at the expense of other perceptual abilities. One specific area where such a trade-off might arise is that of spatial hearin...

PURPOSE Fostering ability to organize and use medical knowledge to guide data collection, make diagnostic decisions, and defend those decisions is at the heart of medical training. However, these abilities are not systematically examined prior to graduation. This study examined diagnostic justification (DXJ) ability of medical students shortly before graduation. METHOD All senior medical stud...

Humans extensively help others altruistically, which plays an important role in maintaining cooperative societies. Although some nonhuman animals are also capable of helping others altruistically, humans are considered unique in our voluntary helping and our variety of helping behaviors. Many still believe that this is because only humans can understand others' goals due to our unique "theory o...

Research on neonatal cognition has developed very recently in comparison with the long history of research on child behavior. The last sixty years of research have provided a great amount of evidence for infants' numerous cognitive abilities. However, only little of this research concerns newborn infants. What do we know about neonatal cognition? Using a variety of paradigms, researchers became...

An intelligent being who, at a given moment, knows all the forces that cause nature to move and the positions of the objects that it is made from, if also it is powerful enough to analyze this data, would have described in the same formula the movements of the largest bodies of the universe and those of the lightest atoms. Although scientific research steadily approaches the abilities of this i...

Behavioral and physiological characteristics of individuals within the same species have been found to be stable across time and contexts. In this study, we investigated individual differences in learning abilities and object and social manipulation to test for consistency within individuals across different tasks. Individual ravens (Corvus corax) were tested in simple color and position discri...