Olivocerebellar activity is organized such that synchronous complex spikes occur primarily among Purkinje cells located within the same parasagittally oriented strip of cortex. Previous findings have shown that this synchrony distribution is modulated by the release of GABA and glutamate within the inferior olive, which probably act by controlling the efficacy of the electrotonic coupling betwe...

The effect of majonoside-R2 on morphine- and U-50,488H-induced antinociception was examined by the tail-pinch test in mice and compared with that of diazepam. Majonoside-R2 and diazepam inhibited the morphine- and U-50,488H-induced antinociception, and the actions were antagonized by the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil and the GABA-gated CI- channel blocker picrotoxin. Diazepam bu...

The problem of the sleep-waking mechanism may be approached by a study of the toxins known to induce the states of sleep or awakening, and by investigation, particularly, of the antagonism of sleepand wake-inducing drugs. A primary consideration is the localization of the effects of these agents. The studies of Maloney, Fitch, and Tatum have shown that picrotoxin is very effective in awakening ...

without loss of opioid analgesia. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010; 87:204–11 5. Dahan A, Aarts L, smith TW: Incidence, reversal, and prevention of opioid-induced respiratory depression. ANEsThEsIoLogy 2010; 112:226–38 6. Boom M, Niesters M, sarton E, Aarts L, smith TW, Dahan A: Non-analgesic effects of opioids: opioid-induced respiratory depression. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18:5994– 6004 7. okie s: A floo...

Introduction: Fennel is rich in phytoestrogens and is used for estrogen deficiency disorders. Estrogens affect anxiety through neurochemical systems such as GABA-A receptors. In this study the effects of fennel on GABA-A and estrogen receptors in anxiety were investigated. Methods: Adult female Wistar rats weighing (180±20 g) were divided into 8 groups. Groups received saline, fennel (200, ...

Intracranial cannula along with electrodes was stereotaxically implanted in medial preoptic area of male rats. The electrical activity of mPOA was recorded before and after microinjection of GABA (0.5 micrograms/02 microliters), muscimol (0.5 micrograms/0.2 microliter), picrotoxin (0.25 micrograms/0.2 microliter) and their respective controls. Generalized slowing with an increase in amplitude a...

introduction: fennel is rich in phytoestrogens and is used for estrogen deficiency disorders. estrogens affect anxiety through neurochemical systems such as gaba-a receptors. in this study the effects of fennel on gaba-a and estrogen receptors in anxiety were investigated. methods: adult female wistar rats weighing (180±20 g) were divided into 8 groups. groups received saline, fennel (200, 500,...

We examined the effects of alkyl-substituted y-butyrolactones (GBLs), and y-thiobutyrolactones (TBLs) on GABA currents in cultured, voltage-clamped rat hippocampal neurons. Convulsant GBLs and TBLs reversibly diminished GABA responses in a concentration-dependent manner. @-Ethyl+methyl GBL (&EMGBL) completely abolished GABA responses at 3 rnh! (I&,, 390 PM), while TBL and @-ethyl-&methyl TBL (&...

Hypoglossal motoneurons (HMNs) innervate all tongue muscles and are vital for maintenance of upper airway patency during inspiration. The relative contributions of the various synaptic inputs to the spontaneous discharge of HMNs in vivo are incompletely understood, especially at the cellular level. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of endogenously activated GABA(A) and glycine...

To better understand metabotropic/ionotropic integration in neurons we have examined the regulation of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine (mACh) receptor signalling in mature (> 14 days in vitro), synaptically-active hippocampal neurons in culture. Using a protocol where neurons are exposed to an EC(50) concentration of the muscarinic agonist methacholine (MCh) prior to (R1), and following (R2) a dese...