The transmembrane proteoglycan syndecan-2 cell nonautonomously regulates left-right (LR) development in migrating mesoderm by an unknown mechanism, leading to LR asymmetric gene expression and LR orientation of the heart and gut. Here, we demonstrate that protein kinase C gamma (PKCgamma) mediates phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of syndecan-2 in right, but not left, animal cap ectoder...

BACKGROUND Morphine tolerance is a common drawback of chronic morphine exposure, hindering use of this drug. Studies have shown that PKCã may play a key role in the development of morphine tolerance, although the mechanisms are not fully known. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In a rat model of morphine tolerance, PKCã knockdown in the spinal cord was successfully carried out using RNA interfer...

It is generally believed that a smooth execution of a compound movement, or motor coordination, requires learning of component movements as well as experience-based refinement of the motor program as a whole. PKC gamma mutant mice display impaired motor coordination but intact eyeblink conditioning, a form of component movement learning. Cerebellar long-term depression, a putative cellular mech...

The protein kinase C (PKC) family is represented in all eukaryotes and in Homo sapiens comprises the related PKCα through PKCι gene products (Dempsey et al., 2000). The kinase domains are closely related, as illustrated in the dendrogram, and form part of the AGC kinase superfamily. For clarity, the PKC-related kinases (PRK/PKN) are not included here; similarly excluded is the PKD/PKCμ family, ...

The arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus plays a key role in pain processing. Although it is well known that inhibition of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) in ARC attenuates hyperalgesia induced by peripheral inflammation, the underlying mechanism of NMDAR activation in ARC remains unclear. Protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in several signalling cascades activated in physiological and pathological c...