Plants are hubs of organismic interactions. They constantly engage in beneficial or competitive interactions with fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, insects, nematodes, and other plants. To adjust the molecular processes necessary for establishment maintenance defense against pathogens herbivores, plants have evolved intricate regulatory mechanisms. Besides canonical plant immune system that acts as p...

The organization of gall on the ovary ofSesamum indicum L induced by the gall midge, Asphondylia sesami Felt, not only affects biochemical equilibrium of the host but also causes disturbed vegetative growth and reduced seed-setting. The toxicity created by the gall maker induces the re-orientation of vasculature Cecidogenetic stimuli lead to excessive hypertrophy and hyperplasy forming the gall...