introduction : due to the importance of laser light penetration and propagation in biological tissues, many researchers have proposed several numerical methods such as monte carlo, finite element and green function methods. among them, the monte carlo method is an accurate method which can be applied for different tissues. however, because of its statistical nature, monte carlo simulation requi...

The process of neutrino propagation through an active medium consisting of magnetic field and plasma is analysed. We consider in detail the contribution of a magnetic field B into the neutrino self-energy operator Σ(p). The results for this contribution were contradictory in the previous literature. For the conditions of the early universe where the background medium consists of a charge-symmet...