Brown spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.: Fr.) Keissl is a serious problem forproduction of tangerines and tangerine hybrids in Iran. The Tangerine pathotype causes brownspot disease on young leaves and immature fruits of limited varieties of mandarins and tangerines(Citrus. reticulata Blanco). Specificity in the interaction between tangerine and the pathogen isdetermined by a hos...

A break in the integrity of the plasma membrane immediately compromises this structure’s essential role as a barrier, and this can kill the affected cell. Yet animal cell plasma membranes, unprotected by a cell wall, are highly vulnerable to mechanically induced disruption. Moreover, many tissue environments generate and receive “physiological” levels of mechanical force that impose shear, tens...

plasma membrane h+-atpase is a major integral membrane protein with a role in various physiological processes including abiotic stress response. to study the effect of nacl on the expression pattern of a gene encoding the plasma membrane h+-atpase, an experiment was carried out in a completely random design with three replications. a pair of specific primers was designed based on the sequence o...

Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) secreted by pathogenic bacteria are the most common bacterial protein toxins and are important virulence factors for infection. PFTs punch holes in host cell plasma membranes, and although cells can counteract the resulting membrane damage, the underlying mechanisms at play remain unclear. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model, we demonstrate in vivo and in an intac...

Developing effective cooled semen protocols is essential to increase pregnancy rates and reproductive efficiency in donkeys. This study aimed evaluate the effect on sperm kinetic parameters membrane integrity donkey diluted with defined milk proteins extender 1% or 2% of egg yolk removal seminal plasma. Twenty-four ejaculates from six jackasses were collected. Each ejaculate was divided into fo...

Excitatory amino acid receptor activation and reactive oxygen species production are important mediators of neuronal death following acute brain injury and can lead to loss of membrane integrity. Poloxamer 188 (P188) is an amphiphilic, polyethylenepolypropylene-polyethylene copolymer that restores plasma membrane integrity of nonneuronal cells following membrane injury. Here, we demonstrate tha...

in the present study, the fertilizing potential of semen recovered from slaughtered bulls epididymis was evaluated after cryopreservation, by conventional techniques and flow cytometry methods. the cauda epididymal was dissected and sperm were recovered and evaluated for volume, sperm concentration, and membrane and acrosome integrity using a flow cytometer. sperm fertility potential was tested...