Randomized controlled trials are the gold standard of evidence-based medicine. In the field of plastic surgery, designing these studies is much more challenging than in pharmaceutical medicine. Randomized trials in plastic surgery encompass several road blocks including problems shared with other surgical trials: equipoise, high cost, placebo issues and learning curves following the establishme...

Introduction: Ensuring maximum patient safety as well as a complete surgical experience is of utmost importance in training for plastic surgery. As plastic surgical training relies on resident participation in various procedures, we must guarantee adequate hands-on operative time while maintaining the best possible outcomes for the patient. The effect of resident involvement on the outcomes of ...

We consider rate-independent models of static and quasistatic plasticity with hardening. These models are usually stated in terms of variational inequalities of the first or second kind, for the primal and dual formulations, respectively. In the static case, the dual variational inequality can be interpreted as the necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for an underlying optimization pr...

Great efforts have been recently made in the world of metallurgy in order to reduce raw material consumption and particularly energy consumption. Although most metallurgical products are produced by the proved procedures of plastic forming, some changes appear owing to the following requirements: – improvement of product quality, – reduction of production costs, – increase of productivity as we...

A 31-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, at 30 weeks of gestation was referred to our institution with the symptom of rapid growth of her keloid scars during her current pregnancy. She was black and had a surgical history of a cesarean delivery and a right vulvar excision for a benign inclusion cyst. The keloid scarring was present at her pfannenstiel incision and also at the site of her right v...

The bipotential theory is based on an extension of Fenchel’s inequality (see section 1 and example 1 in section 2). Despite several powerful applications (frictional contact [6], non-associated Drucker-Prager model [1], or Lemaitre plastic ductile damage law [2], to cite a few), the bipotentials don’t have yet a complete mathematical treatment. This is a second paper on the mathematics of the b...