In this study, electric-drive vehicles with series powertrains were configured to utilize a lithiumion battery of very high power and achieve sport-sedan performance and excellent fuel economy. The battery electrode materials are LiMn2O4 and Li4Ti5O12, which provide a cell area-specific impedance of about 40% of that of the commonly available lithium-ion batteries. Data provided by EnerDel Corp...

We introduce a practically important and theoretically challenging problem: finding the minimum cost path for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in a network with refueling and battery switching stations, considering electricity and gasoline as sources of energy with different cost structures and limitations. We show that this problem is NP-complete even though its electric vehicle and co...

We propose routing algorithms for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) that account for the significant energy efficiency differences of vehicle operating modes and recommend the predominant mode of operation for each road segment during route planning. This is to enhance fuel economy and reduce emissions. We introduce the Energy-Efficient Routing problem (EERP) for PHEVs, and formulate thi...

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technology will provide substantial reduction in petroleum consumption as demonstrated in previous studies. Platform engineering steps including, reduced mass, improved engine efficiency, relaxed performance, improved aerodynamics and rolling resistance can impact both vehicle efficiency and design. Simulations have been completed to quantify the relative ...

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) can serve in discharge mode as distributed energy and power resources operating as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) devices and in charge mode as loads or grid-to-vehicle (G2V) devices. It has been documented that PEVs serving as V2G systems can offer possible backup for renewable power sources, can provide reactive power support, active power regulation, load balancing, p...

Driverless plug-in electric vehicles (DPEVs) have attracted a growing attention in transport engineering due to their low environmental impact and increased level of automation. When compared to regular internal combustion engine vehicles, DPEVs have two characteristics: 1) DPEVs require a higher frequency of recharge operations; 2) DPEVs are controlled by predetermined intelligent algorithms, ...

The continued increase of gas prices and concerns on greenhouse gas emissions in recent years have led to the steadily increasing acceptance of electric vehicles (EVs), especially the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), by consumers. It seems that PHEVs are poised to become a serious contender for a noticeable share of the car market in the near future. As PHEV draws power through power e...

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are hybrid electric vehicles that can be fueled from both conventional liquid fuels and grid electricity. To represent the total contribution of both of these fuels to the operation, energy use, and environmental impacts of PHEVs, researchers have developed the concept of the utility factor. As standardized in documents such as SAE J1711 and SAE J2841, t...

The paper proposes an energy management strategy (EMS) for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) taking into account battery health through an additional soft constraint on battery internal temperature, considered as one of the prime factors influencing battery aging. Battery cell temperature is modeled and considered as a second state constraint with the st...

This paper is the first of a two part study which quantifies the economic and greenhouse performance of conventional, hybrid and fully electric passenger vehicles operating in Australian driving conditions. This first study focuses on the total cost of vehicle ownership. Two vehicle sizes are considered, Class-E and Class-B, which bracket the large majority of passenger vehicles on Australian r...