The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) gene is essential for efficient spontaneous reactivation in the rabbit ocular model of HSV-1 latency and reactivation. LAT is also the only viral gene abundantly expressed during latency. Rabbits were ocularly infected with the wild-type HSV-1 strain McKrae or the McKrae-derived LAT null mutant dLAT2903. Serum neutraliz...

Acid secretion by the gastric parietal cell is controlled through movement of vesicles containing the proton pump, the H(+)-K(+)-ATPase (HK). We have used latrunculin B (Lat B), which binds to monomeric actin, to investigate actin turnover in the stimulated parietal cell. In isolated gastric glands, relatively high concentrations of Lat B were required to inhibit acid accumulation (ED(50) appro...

Predicting and controlling infectious disease epidemics is a major challenge facing the management of agriculture, human and wildlife health. Co-evolutionarily derived patterns of local adaptation among pathogen populations have the potential to generate variation in disease epidemiology; however, studies of local adaptation in disease systems have mostly focused on interactions between competi...

PURPOSE To determine the effect of latrunculin (LAT)-A, which binds to G-actin and disassembles actin filaments, on the pupil, accommodation, and isolated ciliary muscle (CM) contraction in monkeys. METHODS Pupil diameter (vernier calipers) and refraction (coincidence refractometry) were measured every 15 minutes from 0.75 to 3.5 hours after topical LAT-A 42 microg (approximately 10 microM in...

Paracoccidioidomycosis is diagnosed from the direct observation of the causative agent, but serology can facilitate and decrease the time required for diagnosis. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of serum sample inactivation on the performance of the latex agglutination test (LAT) for detecting antibodies against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. The sensitivity of LAT fro...

PCR analysis of herpes simplex virus (HSV) genome replication and productive-cycle transcription was used to examine the role of the cornea in the latency-associated transcript (LAT)-mediated reactivation of HSV type 1 (HSV-1) in the rabbit eye model. The reduced relative reactivation frequency of 17 delta Pst (a LAT- virus) compared to those of wild-type and LAT+ rescuants correlated with redu...

Data on the molecular phylogeny of the Colias complex of South America, obtained via barcoding a mitochondrial part of genome (a specific 648 base-pair fragment of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (CO I) – its 5’ region), are reported for the first time to the best of my knowledge. Barcoding was trialed employing the BOLD (‘Barcoding of Life Database’) platform, where a separate console (‘South...

Mutant mice where tyrosine 136 of linker for activation of T cells (LAT) was replaced with a phenylalanine (Lat(Y136F) mice) develop a fast-onset lymphoproliferative disorder involving polyclonal CD4 T cells that produce massive amounts of Th2 cytokines and trigger severe inflammation and autoantibodies. We analyzed whether the Lat(Y136F) pathology constitutes a bona fide autoimmune disorder de...

BACKGROUND Most research asks whether or not cohabitation has come to rival marriage. Little is known about the meaning of living apart together (LAT) relationships, and whether LAT is an alternative to marriage and cohabitation or a dating relationship. OBJECTIVE We examine across Europe: (1) the prevalence of LAT, (2) the reasons for LAT, and (3) the correlates of (a) LAT relationships vis-...

The activation of blood cells, including T cells, triggers intracellular signals that control the expression of critical molecules, including cytokines and cytokine receptors. We show that T-cell receptor (TCR) ligation increases the cellular level of the protein linker for activation of T cells (LAT), a molecule critical for T-cell development and function. T-cell activation increased LAT mess...