Figure 1: Factor Graph In particular, consider a setup where (U1, U2) are two equiprobable bits that are encoded into (X1, X2) = (U1 ⊕ U2, U2). Then, (X1, X2) are mapped to (Y1, Y2) by two independent BMS channels with transition probabilities P(Y1 = y |X1 = x) = P(Y2 = y |X2 = x) = W (y|x). The factor graph for this setup is shown in Figure 1. Since the mapping from (U1, U2) to (X1, X2) is inv...

A fundamental bound for a Hadamard multiplier operator of Cauchy t ype implies a known bound on the inverse of the operator T : X ! AX ,XBas well as a general perturbation bound involving the unitary factor in the polar decomposition; the latter bound leads to a perturbation bound on the positive semideenite factor.

The sorption affinity of eighty-six charged amine structures to phospholipid monolayers (log KIAM) was determined using immobilized artificial membrane high-performance liquid chromatography (IAM-HPLC). The amine compounds covered the most prevalent types of polar groups, widely ranged in structural complexity, and included forty-seven pharmaceuticals, as well as several narcotics and pesticide...

The statistics of magnetosphere–ionosphere (MI) coupling derived from a two-month long run of the Lyon–Fedder–Mobarry (LFM) global simulation model are investigated. MI coupling characteristics such as polar cap potential and field-aligned current (FAC), downward Poynting flux and vorticity of ionospheric convection are compared with observed statistical averages and with results from the Weime...

Trade-offs between locomotory costs and foraging gains are key elements in determining constraints on predator-prey interactions. One intriguing example involves polar bears pursuing snow geese on land. As climate change forces polar bears to spend more time ashore, they may need to expend more energy to obtain land-based food. Given that polar bears are inefficient at terrestrial locomotion, a...

Low energy ion and electron measurements made over the south and north polar regions of the sun by the HISCALE instrument on the Ulysses spacecraft during its solar minimum polar passages are summarized. The polar flux levels were considerably reduced in comparison to fluxes in the vicinity of the heliospheric current sheet. Flux variations with a period of ∼ 26 days were seen to nearly 80◦S bu...

Some of the Adamantane properties were calculated in this study. Chemical shift, free energy ofsolvation, free energy of cavity formation, Henry's law constant, and other properties ofAdamantane in dry phase, three solvents and three temperatures have been calculated with Abinitio method base on density functional theory (DFT) at B3lyp/6-31g, B31yp/6-31g*, B3lyp/6-31+g* and B3lyp/6-31++g** leve...

Background: Planum Boreum, the north polar plateau of Mars, displays four extensive low-albedo regions covered with widespread sedimentary deposits that are thick enough to partly or completely suppress the signature of the residual water ice that forms the uppermost zone of the polar layered deposits. These sedimentary deposits appear to have a source primarily in a buried sedimentary layer pr...