abstract the expansion of financ system expanding in a country is one of the main determinant factors of foreign investment. flow and the system is affected by essential factors such as political constancy. political risks of each country is evaluated by political system figuration, its constancy, policies constancy and regular rules existence for political competition. this constancy is the mo...

In the paper “Entry Barriers in Politics, or: Why Politics, Like Natural Monopoly, Is Not Organised as an Ongoing Market-Process,” an analytical framework for dealing with processes of political competition is presented. The idea goes back to Tullock’s model of democracy as franchise-bidding for natural monopoly. To this, basic insights of New Institutional Economics and Austrian Ecomomics are ...

We study the benefits of private entrepreneurs entering into politics in China. Using original hand-collected data on political participation of entrepreneurs that control listed firms, we document evidence of rent seeking through their political networks and several potential channels through which rent seeking is realized. It is shown that political participation results in increased stock pe...

Human behavior in banking and financial systems is in part made up of a complex mix of political, social and cultural factors. These factors are reflected in expert opinion based political risk scores. Market inefficiency is largely a result of anomalies in human behavior causing information asymmetries. A basic systemic market model is re-specified into a model for international banking system...

the main purpose of this paper is theoretically to design the optimal intervention in the foreign exchange market in iran, which has not been investigated by previous studies. the economic fundamentals are strongly affected by the optimal foreign exchange intervention, the consistency of foreign exchange intervention with other policies and political authorities' beliefs about the interven...

JEL Classification Code(s): J 31, J 71) "Perceptions of Discrimination, Effort to Obtain Psychological Balance, and Relative Wages: Can We Infer a Happiness Gradient?" There is a substantial literature that finds a linkage between happiness and relative economic well being as measured by earnings or wages. There is also a well documented racial gap in wages. One explanation for this is disparat...

We conducted a field experiment to measure the effect of exposure to newspapers on political behavior and opinion. Before the 2005 Virginia gubernatorial election, we randomly assigned individuals to a Washington Post free subscription treatment, a Washington Times free subscription treatment, or control. We find no effect of either paper on political knowledge, stated opinions or turnout in po...

Contrary to the implicit assumption motivating much of the work on the political economy of protection, antidumping, along with other forms of administered protection, is the primary form of discretionary protection for most countries. A sizable literature on the political economy of antidumping has developed in the last two decades that is distinctive in its explicit focus on institutional asp...

I present a tractable dynamic model of political economy where disagreements about the composition of public spending result in implementation of short-sighted policies. The relative price of investment to consumption is excessively large in equilibrium due to over-taxation. Investment rates are too low which slows down growth along the transition. In the long run, this results in output, consu...

Türkiye’nin enerji ihtiyacının her geçen gün artmasıyla hızlı sürede kendini yenileyebilme özelliği olan yenilenebilir enerjinin arzı içerisindeki yerini almasını gündeme getirmiştir. Dünyanın ekolojik dengesinin korunması ve enerjide dışa bağımlılığın önüne geçilmesinde son derece önemli bu kaynak tüm Dünya’da da ilgi görmektedir. Birçok devlet arz güvenliğinin tedarikinin sağlanması için kayn...