In this paper, we investigate substitution/complementarity relationships among products sold with different bundled characteristics and under different vertical arrangements. Our conceptual model demonstrates the interactive price impacts emanating from product differentiation, market concentration and market size. The model is applied to the U.S. cottonseed market using transaction level data ...

As a pillar industry in supporting Chinese economy, Chinese manufacturing industry consumes a large amount of energy and causes serious environmental pollutants. Better understanding the greening level of manufacturing industry is important to promote its green growth. Hence first this study, measures the green growth efficiency for Chinese manufacturing industries by applying the EBM measuring...

The efficient operation of any biological treatment process requires pre-treatment of incompatible pollutants such as acids, bases, oil, toxic substances, etc. which hamper the treatment of other major components which are otherwise degradable. The pre-treatment of alkaline waste-waters, generated from various industries like textile, paper & pulp, potato-processing industries, etc., having a p...

BACKGROUND Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are human-made chemicals widely spread in the environment and produced by petrochemical industries and petroleum refineries. The aim of this research was to evaluate the distribution of VOCs in the ambient air of Mahshahr Petrochemical Complex, Iran. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional research performed in 2009. We used the method numbered 15...

Amazon beef and soybean industries, the primary drivers of Amazon deforestation, are increasingly responsive to economic signals emanating from around the world, such as those associated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, "mad cow disease") outbreaks and China's economic growth. The expanding role of these economic "teleconnections" (coupled phenomena that take place in distant places ...

printing and packaging industries make three phases of solid, liquid and gaseous contaminants which can cause very dangerous problems. the presence of alcohols, inks, and cleaners can result in massive range of industrial pollutants. always respiratory problems, fatigue, dizziness, weakness, abnormal behavior, memory impairment, insomnia, loss of appetite, and impaired vision and hearing and ca...

Synthetic dyes are complex aromatic compounds used in many industries like paper, printing, textile, food and cosmetics [1]. The major synthetic dyes include azo, triphenylmethane, anthraquinone and metal dyes. They are reported to be carcinogenic and thus their safe release into the environment poses a threat to public health. About 10-15% of the substrate unbound dyes from the industries are ...

Novel mobile electronic-nose (e-nose) devices and algorithms capable of real-time detection of industrial and municipal pollutants, released from point-sources, recently have been developed by scientists worldwide that are useful for monitoring specific environmental-pollutant levels for enforcement and implementation of effective pollution-abatement programs. E-nose devices are ideal instrumen...