Land use of sewage sludge is the primary disposal method in Shanxi, accounting for 42.66% of all. To determine the ecological risk of heavy metals in sewage sludge, contents of seven heavy metals in sewage sludge from 9 municipal waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) that had the highest application for land use were determined. The order of the measured concentrations was: Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > P...

In this survey article a brief account on the development of Padmakar-Ivan (PI) index in that applications of Padmakar-Ivan (PI) index in the fascinating field of nano-technology are discussed.

Gold mining is now widely acknowledged as one of the significant sources soil pollution in developed countries. In developing countries, and levels contamination have not been thoroughly addressed. Thus, this study was intended to determine source level active closed gold areas. The research paper presents load heavy metals (lead-Pb, chromium-Cr, cadmium-Cd, copper-Cu, arsenic-As, manganese-Mn,...

Recently the vertex Padmakar–Ivan (PI v) index of a graph G was introduced as the sum over all edges e = uv of G of the number of vertices which are not equidistant to the vertices u and v. In this paper the vertex PI index and Szeged index of bridge graphs are determined. Using these formulas, the vertex PI indices and Szeged indices of several graphs are computed.

background: given the increasing importance of suspended particles and reporting weather conditions in the amount of ultraviolet radiation in many countries, in this study, the data of the maximum amounts of pollution by suspended particles with the size of 10, 2.5 and1 microns (pm10, pm2.5, pm1) which were reported in 1-hour time-series and global ultraviolet index (uvi) were used to predict t...

‎the second multiplicative zagreb coindex of a simple graph $g$ is‎ ‎defined as‎: ‎$${overline{pi{}}}_2left(gright)=prod_{uvnotin{}e(g)}d_gleft(uright)d_gleft(vright),$$‎ ‎where $d_gleft(uright)$ denotes the degree of the vertex $u$ of‎ ‎$g$‎. ‎in this paper‎, ‎we compare $overline{{pi}}_2$-index with‎ ‎some well-known graph invariants such as the wiener index‎, ‎schultz‎ ‎index‎, ‎eccentric co...

the contamination of riverbed sediments by heavy metals has assumedserious problems due to their toxicity and accumulative behavior. the present studyinvestigated the concentrations of heavy metals from the bottom sediments of shitalakhyariver to understand the level of contamination and their distribution. the averageconcentrations of heavy metals al, k, ca, mg, fe, as, cu, co, cr, and zn are ...

background: doppler indices of umbilical artery are used as indicator of fetal well being. objective: to compare doppler parameters of umbilical artery including pulsatility index (pi) and resistance index (ri) in patients with preeclampsia with those of normal pregnancies and to evaluate the diagnostic characteristics of these parameters in preeclampsia. materials and methods: in a case contro...