introduction: equity in health means justice in the distribution of community health. the purpose of justice in health is to consider health needs of all people regardless of their geographical location or cultural, economic, and social status. the aim of this study was to assess distribution of specialists based on population (100,000 people) in public hospitals of iranian provinces during 201...

In previous papers of the series, we used a combination of optical and near-infrared colors to derive constraints on the relative age structure in globular cluster systems. Here, we present the details, strength and limitations of our method based on Monte-Carlo simulations of color-color diagrams and cumulative age distributions. The simulations are based on general informations about the glob...

Population dynamics in group-living species can be strongly affected both by features of sociality per se and by resultant population structure. To develop a mechanistic understanding of population dynamics in highly social species we need to investigate how processes within groups, processes linking groups, and external drivers act and interact to produce observed patterns. We model social gro...

In previous papers of the series, we used a combination of optical and near-infrared colours to derive constrains on the relative age structure in globular cluster systems. Here, we present the details, strength and limitations of our method based on Monte-Carlo simulations of colour-colour diagrams and cumulative age distributions. The simulations are based on general informations about the gl...

This study recommends a probabilistic scenario approach for population projections. The benefits are better information, ease of adoption, and expert opinion on the mean and range of uncertainty. The study answers whether it matters if high and low variants cover 85% or 95% of the range. An assumption of piece-wise linear random paths may underestimate the variance of the resulting populatio...

Mortality or death rates are often used as measures of health status for a population. Population-based incidence or morbidity data are available in North Carolina in a few areas such as cancer and certain communicable diseases, but for most chronic diseases we know only how many people died from the disease and not how many are living with it. Given the importance of data from death certificat...

We introduce a growing network evolution model with nodal attributes. The model describes the interactions between potentially violent V and nonviolent N agents who have different affinities in establishing connections within their own population versus between the populations. The model is able to generate all stable triads observed in real social systems. In the framework of rate equations th...

This paper systematically proposed a multi-population agent co-genetic algorithm with double chainlike agent structure (MPATCGA) to solve the problem of the low optimization precision and long optimization time of simple genetic algorithm in terms of two coding strategy. This algorithm adopted multi-population parallel searching mode, close chain-like agent structure, cycle chain-like agent str...

background: cytochrome p450 2c19 (cyp2c19) is important in metabolism of wide range of drugs. cyp2c19*17 is a novel variant allele which increases gene transcription and therefore results in ultra-rapid metabolizer phenotype (urm). distribution of this variant allele has not been well studied worldwide. the aim of present study was to investigate allele and genotype frequencies of cyp2c19*17 in...