The transient fluctuation of the prosperity of firms in a network economy is investigated with an abstract stochastic model. The model describes the profit which firms make when they sell materials to a firm which produces a product and the fixed cost expense to the firms to produce those materials and product. The formulae for this model are parallel to those for population dynamics. The swing...

When spinal circuits generate rhythmic movements it is important that the neuronal activity remains within stable bounds to avoid saturation and to preserve responsiveness. Here, we simultaneously record from hundreds of neurons in lumbar spinal circuits of turtles and establish the neuronal fraction that operates within either a 'mean-driven' or a 'fluctuation-driven' regime. Fluctuation-drive...

We investigate violations of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in two classes of trap models by studying the influence of the perturbing field on the transition rates. We show that for perturbed rates depending upon the value of the observable at the arrival trap, a limiting value of the fluctuation-dissipation ratio does exist. However, the mechanism behind the emergence of this value is dif...

fluctuation of a tolerably constant character. This fluctuation signifies etiologically. an orderly succession of conditions causing sickness and death -which may be considered normal to the place and population, and violent departures from which may be accounted abnormal and due to exceptional circumstances. Dr. Payne has experienced two sources of difficulty in determining the ordinary mortal...

In the cotton crop (Gossypium hirsutum L.), there is a complexity of pests that appear systematically, thus significantly reducing yield; and their population fluctuation strongly influenced by meteorological conditions result in greater or lesser density these insects. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate insect with sucking feeding behavior an area without irrigation plant under second-harvest c...