Despite the general findings that address the positive contribution of teaching pragmatic features to interlanguage pragmatic development, the question as to the most effective method is far from being resolved. Moreover, the potential of literature as a means of introducing learners into the social practices and norms of the target culture, which underlie the pragmatic competence, has not been...

This article discusses radical democratic citizenship in the context of ‘Rojava Revolution’, an ongoing society-building effort that emerged majority Kurdish regions Syrian war. It describes aspects political vision Abdullah Öcalan, as interpreted and applied by activists involved self-governance system Rojava (northern Syria), since 2012. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork region, focuses ways ...

this study examined and compared the effects of consciousness-raisingwritten corrective feedback in 2 newly-developed levels in terms of marked thirdperson -s acquisition. nine elementary level intact classes, including 191 malelanguage learners within the age range of 11-14 at iran language institute, weretaken as the participants. relying on the participants’ placement test results,previous t...

We discuss several aspects of consciousness — the Easy Problem, the Intentionality Problem, and the Hard Problem — from the pragmatic perspective of artificial intelligence and robotics. Our computational approach is driven by the enormous information content of the sensory stream, and the properties of methods by which an agent may cope with its

This study was inspired by VanPatten and Uludag’s (2011) study on the transferability of training via processing instruction to output tasks and Mori’s (2002) work on the development of talk-in-interaction during a group task. An interview was devised as the pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest to compare four intervention types for teaching the simple past passive: traditional intervention ...