In this article, we study how predator behavior influences the aggregation of prey into herds. Game-theoretic models of herd formation are developed based on different survival probabilities of solitary prey and prey that join the herd and on the predator's preference of what type of prey to search for. For an intentional predator that will only pursue its preferred type of prey, a single herd ...

intraguild predation (igp) occurs when one predator species consumes another predator species with whom it also competes for shared prey. we studied igp between different stages of hippodamia variegata and aphidoletes aphidimyza in absence and presence of extraguild prey (aphis gossypii) in petri dish arena. in the absence of extraguild prey all stages of h. variegata (larva1, 2, 3, 4, female a...

A non-smooth Gause predator–prey model with a constant refuge is proposed and analyzed. Firstly, the existence and stability of regular, virtual, pseudo-equilibria and tangent points are addressed. Then the relations between the existence of a regular equilibrium and a pseudo-equilibrium are studied, and the results indicate that the two types of equilibria cannot coexist. The sufficient and ne...

Similar to the model studied in [11], it is assumed that the parasite under consideration is a microparasite so that the parasite population is not explicitly modeled in the interaction. There are only two interacting species prey and predator in the model. Individuals in each species are classified as either infected or uninfected. Let x1 and x2 denote the uninfected and infected prey populati...

Predator-prey interactions play important roles in ecological communities. Personality, consistent inter-individual differences in behaviour, of predators, prey or both are known to influence inter-specific interactions. An individual may also behave differently under the same situation and the level of such variability may differ between individuals. Such intra-individual variability (IIV) or ...

in this paper, the reorganization of the denominator of the discrete derivative and nonlocal approximation of nonlinear terms are used in the design of nonstandard finite difference schemes (nsfds). numerical examples confirming then efficiency of schemes, for some differential equations are provided. in order toillustrate the accuracy of the new nsfds, the numerical results are compared with s...

searching efficiency (a') (attack rate) and handling time are two major components of natural enemies’ functional response and are usually used to evaluate their effectiveness. the age-specific searching efficiency of aphidoletes aphidimyza (rondani) was studied during its larval stage. the experiment was conducted in terms of age-specific functional response to the varying density (5, 1...

Individual base model of predator-prey system is constructed. Both predator and prey species have age structure and cohorts of early reproductive age have competitive advantage. The model has linear functional response in predation behavior and includes the effect of interference among predators and delay of population growth from resource intake, not by functional response but by calculation p...

This article investigates the effects of reaching the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) in prey–predator systems where the prey population follows logistic law of growth. Two different models are proposed: (i) first model involves linear prey–predator interaction and intraspecific competition among predator populations, and (ii) the second one is a ratio-dependent prey–predator system. In the fir...

We propose a scaled version of the Rosenzweig-MacArthur model using both Type I and Type II functional responses that incorporates the size dependence of interaction rates. Our aim is to link the energetic needs of organisms with the dynamics of interacting populations, for which survival is a result of a game-theoretic struggle for existence. We solve the scaled model of predator-prey dynamics...