The first home pregnancy test was introduced in 1976. Since then, pregnancy tests have become the most common diagnostic assay used at home. Pregnancy tests use antibodies to detect human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). It is an ideal marker of pregnancy since it rises rapidly and consistently in early pregnancy and can be detected in urine. The most advanced home pregnancy test currently availab...

Molar pregnancies in most instances develop within the uterine cavity, but may occur at any site. Ectopic molar pregnancy is a rare event. The objective of this study was to present a case of ruptured tubal molar gestation, discuss its clinical features and ways to improve diagnostic accuracy. A 35-year-old woman presented with features suggestive of ruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy. There was ...

Objective: To determine if women of reproductive age who present to the Emergency Department (ED) with urinary tract infection (UTI) symptoms can accurately predict their pregnancy status. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of women who presented to the ED with UTI symptoms (dysuria, frequency, or urgency). Consecutive females aged 18-49 years were referred from triage to a computer ki...

BACKGROUND A diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy (EP) is primarily achieved using transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS). Pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) is the term used to categorize a pregnancy in a woman with a positive pregnancy test when no pregnancy has been visualized using TVS. This review appraises current tools for the diagnosis of EP, describes the diagnostic criteria for non-tubal EP an...

Anatomic and physiological alterations during pregnancy predispose pregnant women to urinary tract infections (UTI). This study aimed to identify the accuracy of the simple urine test for UTI diagnosis in low-risk pregnant women. Diagnostic test performance was conducted in Botucatu, SP, involving 230 pregnant women, between 2006 and 2008. Results showed 10% UTI prevalence. Sensitivity, specifi...

The diagnosis of pregnancy in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) often employs specialized equipment, experienced staff, and the cooperation of the bitch. These procedures can be challenging when the subject is a wild canid, particularly in a field setting. In addition, reproductive hormone assays are unreliable as a diagnostic tool because the estrous profiles of pregnant and pseudopregnant c...

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Women with GDM and their offspring have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in the future. The global incidence of GDM is difficult to estimate, due to lack of uniform diagnostic criteria. Various diagnostic criteria have been proposed. The b...

Since Friedman's discovery5 in 1929 that urine from pregnant women would induce ovulation when injected into young female rabbits, there have been several attempts to use the test with various other mammals. These are summarized by Snyder and Wislocki8 and by Schultz and Snyder.7 Reports of experimental and clinical observations on the use of the Friedman test for diagnosis of pregnancy are ver...