DPR is required by law to determine a copper leach rate for antifouling paint pesticides for the protection of aquatic environments. Five scenarios representing various levels of copper loading were defined. For each scenario, a leach rate was calculated by the MAM-PEC model that limits dissolved copper concentrations in the marina to below the California saltwater chronic water quality standar...

Access to critical metals required for high-performance technologies, particularly, the light rare earth elements (REEs = La, Ce, Nd, Pr), has become a major challenge import-dependent economies such as European Union. In this regard, recycling of spent nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries by hydrometallurgical processes can serve an attractive secondary source REEs. processes, precipitation ...

Wireless sensor network is defined as the network composed of tiny and energy restricted sensor nodes. Sensor nodes collect the useful information from surrounding environment and deliver it to the base station. Sensor nodes have limited energy. Routing protocols must consume minimum energy in order to prolong the network lifetime. Clustering is most energy efficient technique. LEACH is one of ...

Wireless Sensors Networks (WSNs) have a big application in heterogeneous networks. In this paper, we propose and evaluate Advanced Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (Ad-LEACH) which is static clustering based heterogeneous routing protocol. The complete network field is first divided into static clusters and then in each cluster separate Ad-LEACH protocol is applied. Our proposed protoco...

The Internet of Vehicles is increasingly becoming an indispensable platform to make interactions among vehicles, humans, and roadside infrastructures, it continuing evolve with improvements on its application scenarios service robustness. Academia industry have also been concerned the security issue (IoV). Blockchain technology provides a new solution improve IoV, has drawn increased attention....

Wireless sensor networks are extensively used in different fields, including severe and harsh environments such as battlegrounds, volcanic areas, healthcare, so on. The major constraint of WSNs is the limited power supply, which impacts lifecycle entire network. Clustering a performing method to optimize consumption extend lifetime WSNs. LEACH considered first classical clustering protocol ener...

the possibility of selective leaching process was investigated during molybdenite flue dust leaching to recover its rhenium content. the results show that addition of alcohols to water makes the medium less favorable for molybdenum transfer into aqueous phase. on the other hand, addition of small amounts of alcohols (5-15%) makes a noticeable separation of rhenium over molybdenum, but by increa...

keep in mind the importance of cadmium, cobalt and nickel ions as environmentally and economically strategic heavy metals, the application of two acidic extractants, named bis(2-diethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (dehpa) and 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (htta), was assessed for the extraction-recovery of these ions from leached solution of spent rechargeable ni-cd batteries. the conditions for leaching ...

The interaction between a medical device and a pharmaceutical solution it contacts may dictate solution safety and/or efficacy. Of specific concern is the ability of device components to leach into the contacting solution. As pharmaceutical solutions containing surfactants, co-solvents and solubilizing agents become more common, method's for assessing the extent of leaching are needed. In this ...