OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test a developmental model of neurobehavioral dysregulation relating prenatal substance exposure to behavior problems at age 7. METHODS The sample included 360 cocaine-exposed and 480 unexposed children from lower to lower middle class families of which 78% were black. Structural equation modeling was used to test models whereby prenatal exposure t...

Since close relationship was shown between drug addiction and memory formation, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of interaction between prenatal methamphetamine (MA) exposure and MA treatment in adulthood on spatial and non-spatial memory and on the structure of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the hippocampus. Adult male rats prenatally exposed to MA (5 m...

Abstract Introduction: Distress is the most perceived behavioral state manifested by pregnant women and can directly or indirectly increase the risk of experiencing prenatal complications. Objective: The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the Adlerian group counseling approach on a mother's distress and self-care during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This random...

INTRODUCTION Invasive prenatal diagnosis (IPD) has long been used to prenatally diagnose Down syndrome (DS), but it is associated with a small risk of miscarriage. Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is a highly sensitive screening test using cell-free DNA in maternal blood for detection of DS without the risk of miscarriage, but it confers a small risk of false-positive and false-negative resu...

Aims: Fear of childbirth (FOB) in pregnant women is critical because it may affect prenatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cognitive-behavioral education on fear of child birth during pregnancy. Materials & Methods: A clinical trial study with two intervention groups and one control group was conducted among nulliparous women visiting Gorgan health centers in fi...

BACKGROUND Research has documented the adverse relationship of child cognitive development with maternal prenatal smoking and poor birth outcomes. The potential, however, for maternal prenatal smoking to modify the association between birth outcomes and cognitive development is unclear. METHODS We linked statewide North Carolina birth data for non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black childre...

The present study tested the involvement of the opioid system in the acquisition and expression of prenatal ethanol-related memories. We evaluated how this prenatal experience modulates ethanol self-administration in newborn rats, and preweanling's ingestion of the drug. During Gestational Days (GDs) 17-20, four groups of dams were treated with ethanol (2 g/kg) or water, followed immediately by...

OBJECTIVE To describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices of prenatal care providers in relation to prenatal HIV testing. METHODS A stratified random sample of 784 family physicians, 200 obstetricians and 103 midwives providing prenatal care in 3 health planning regions in Ontario received a questionnaire. RESULTS Response was 622/1087 (57%). Almost half of participants (43%) were not aw...

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depressed symptoms and associated factors in prenatal HIV-positive women in primary care facilities in rural South Africa. In a cross-sectional study, 663 HIV-positive prenatal women in 12 community health centres in Mpumalanga province, South Africa, were recruited by systematic sampling (every consecutive patient after HIV post-test counselling). R...