abstract   background: fractures of the tibia are important for their commonness and controversy in their management. both conservative and surgical techniques have been introduced in an effort to speed time to :::::union::::: while minimizing the occurrence of complications. standard treatment for low-energy tibial shaft fractures includes closed reduction and cast immobilization. the purpose ...

rectal cancer is the second most common cancer in large intestine. the prevalence and the number of young patients diagnosed with rectal cancer have made it as one of the major health problems in the world. with regard to the improved access to and use of modern screening tools, a number of new cases are diagnosed each year. considering the location of the rectum and its adjacent organs, manage...

context appropriate management of neonates, tested positive for congenital hypothyroidism (ch), in particular, the initial dosage of levothyroxine and the time of initiation of treatment is a critical issue. the aim of this study was to assess all current evidence available on the subject to ascertain the optimal initial dose and optimal initiation time of treatment for children with ch. eviden...

the current preliminary study aimed to explore the reasons that a group of opiate-dependent patients reported for entry into opium tincture treatment (ott).through examinations of 52 qualitative focus group interviews with patients from six ott centers and 10 health providers (in key informant interviews) in tehran, this study highlights the factors that participants reported as the reasons ass...

purpose: the aim of this study was to compare higher-order aberrations between personalized treatment (pt) versus personalized treatment advanced (pta) photorefractive keratectomy (prk) for myopia and myopic astigmatism. methods: in this clinical trial, 80 eyes of 40 patients who met inclusion criteria were enrolled. they underwent prk using pt or pta algorithm randomly. higher-order aberration...

patient's refusal of treatment is the rational consequence of informed consent and is considered among the patient's rights but can lead to patient harm or harm to others, or damage to the health care system. major ethical challenges in the field of treatment refusal arise from capacitated patients. this paper mainly examines theoretical issues related to this group by reviewing books...

chronic plaque-type psoriasis may be difficult to control without the use of potent systemic therapies that are accompanied by systemic toxicity. mycophenolate mofetil is a novel agent that may be effective in the treatment of chronic plaque type psoriasis. our purpose was to investigate of the safety and efficacy of oral mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of chronic plaque-type psoriasis. ...