Male circumcision reduces the risk for female-to-male human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission by approximately 60% (1) and has become a key component of global HIV prevention programs in countries in Eastern and Southern Africa where HIV prevalence is high and circumcision coverage is low. Through September 2017, the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) had supported 15.2...

BACKGROUND President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) funding changes have resulted in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinic closures. We evaluated linkage to care following a large-scale patient transfer from a PEPFAR-funded, hospital-based HIV clinic to government-funded, community-based clinics in Durban. METHODS All adults were transferred between March and June 2012. Subject...

As the science demonstrating strong evidence for voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention has evolved, the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has collaborated with international agencies, donors, and partner country governments supporting VMMC programming. Mathematical models forecast that quickly reaching a large number of uncircumcised men with VMMC in st...

BACKGROUND There are limited data measuring the impact of expanded human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention activities on the tuberculosis epidemic at the country level. Here, we characterized the potential impact of the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) on the tuberculosis epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS We selected 12 focus countries (countries receiving th...

B etween September 2005, when the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) awarded the Supply Chain Management System (SCMS) project, and August 2014, the SCMS project delivered over US$1.9 billion in HIV/AIDS commodities, approximately $1.1 billion of which were antiretroviral (ARV) drugs to support the treatment of people with HIV and AIDS. This total sum of ARVs accounted f...

Rhetorical acknowledgment of the value of human rights for the AIDS response continues, yet practical application of human rights principles to national efforts appears to be increasingly deficient. We assess the ways in which international and national strategic plans and other core documents take into account the commitments made by countries to uphold human rights in their efforts towards ac...

Countries in Southern and Eastern Africa have the highest prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the world; in 2015, 52% (approximately 19 million) of all persons living with HIV infection resided in these two regions.* Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) reduces the risk for heterosexually acquired HIV infection among males by approximately 60% (1). As such, it is...

Infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are major causes of morbidity and mortality globally, primarily because of sequelae of chronic liver disease including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The risks for HBV and HCV transmission via blood transfusions have been described previously and are believed to be higher in countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Reducing th...

INTRODUCTION In 2004, the US government began to utilize the Food and Drug Administration's (USFDA) tentative approval process (tFDA) as a basis to determine which HIV drugs are appropriate to be purchased and used in resource-constrained settings. This process permits products that are not approved for marketing in the US, including medicines with active patents or marketing restrictions in th...

In August, 2006, Mark Dybul was sworn in as the new US Global AIDS coordinator to oversee the US response to the global HIV/AIDS crisis, and specifi cally to direct the implementation of the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). The plan—a 5-year US$15 billion initiative—is the largest programme ever launched to target a single disease. “The President saw tackling the HIV/ AIDS p...