Seven patients with intracranial disorders were studied during recovery from anaesthesia with nitrous oxide and halothane. Arterial, intracranial, and central venous pressure, and arterial carbon dioxide tension were measured and compared with the patient's clinical state. No patient had evidence of increased brain volume when the dura was closed. All had been hyperventilated during the surgica...

During the course of certain experiments, one of us observed that stimulation of the central end of the divided vagus with a weak current caused in the dog a pronounced rise of pressure, provided that the dog was under artificial respiration just sufficient to cause apnea (figure I, A) . If, however, the nerve was similarly stimulated in an animal breathing naturally a fall of pressure ensued. ...

Multipeaked waves (MPW) in the distal esophagus occur frequently in patients with esophageal spastic motor disorders and diabetes mellitus and are thought to represent repetitive esophageal contractions. We aimed to investigate whether the relative motion between a stationary pressure sensor and contracted peristaltic esophageal segment that moves with respiration leads to the formation of MPW....

AIM During manual positive pressure ventilation (PPV), delivering a recommended respiratory rate (RR) is operator dependent. We tested the efficacy of a metronome as a standardised method to improve the accuracy of delivered RR during manual PPV in a neonatal resuscitation simulation. METHODS We conducted a blinded simulation in two consecutive stages. Using a self-inflating bag, 36 CPR train...

Obesity causes major alterations in pulmonary mechanics. Obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery present mechanical ventilation-related challenges that may lead to perioperative complications. Databases were systematically searched for clinical trials of ventilation maneuvers for obese patients and bariatric surgery. Thirteen randomized controlled trials were selected. The quality of the st...

BOLD-based functional MRI (fMRI) can be used to explicitly measure hemodynamic aspects and functions of human neuro-physiology. As fMRI measures changes in regional cerebral blood flow and volume as well as blood oxygenation, rather than neuronal brain activity directly, other processes that may change the above parameters have to be examined closely to assess sensitivity and specificity of fMR...