We propose an optimal control framework to describe intra-seasonal predator-prey interactions, which are characterized by a continuous-time dynamical model comprising predator and prey density, as well as the energy budget of the prey over the length of a season. The model includes a time-dependent decision variable for the prey, representing the portion of the prey population in time that is a...

The dynamics of the planar two-species Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model are well-understood. Onto such a predator-prey model, we introduce a third species, a scavenger of the prey. Our model allows for two scenarios, one where the scavenger is also a predator of the original prey, and one where the presence of the scavenger simply inhibits the prey. We show all trajectories are bounded in for...

All mammals thus far studied sleep, yet important questions remain concerning the ecological factors that influence sleep patterns. Here, we developed an evolutionary individualbased model to investigate the effect of predation pressure on prey sleep. We investigated three ecological conditions, including one that assumed a dynamic interaction between predator and prey behaviour. In condition 1...

This article studies the dynamics of a Gause-type predator-prey model with infectious disease in prey. The constructed is deterministic which assumes prey divided into two compartments i.e. susceptible and infected prey, both them are hunted by predator bilinearly. It investigated that there exist five biological equilibrium points such as all population extinction point, co-existence point. We...

Seasonal changes in the diel feeding patterns of the zooplanktivorous icefish (Neosalanx taihuensis), which is an endemic species of China, were studied in the large, shallow eutrophic Lake Chaohu of China during the autumn of 2002 and summer of 2003. The results of the diel feeding rhythm indicate that icefish is a visual particulate feeder. There were large differences in diet composition and...

All mammals thus far studied sleep, yet important questions remain concerning the ecological factors that influence sleep patterns. Here, we developed an evolutionary individualbased model to investigate the effect of predation pressure on prey sleep. We investigated three ecological conditions, including one that assumed a dynamic interaction between predator and prey behaviour. In condition 1...

This paper concerns with a new delayed predator–prey model with stage structure on prey, in which the immature prey and the mature prey are preyed by predator and the delay is the length of the immature stage. Mathematical analysis of the model equations is given with regard to invariance of non-negativity, boundedness of solutions, permanence and global stability and nature of equilibria. Our ...

The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of prey-taxis on predator–prey models with Paramecium aurelia as the prey and Didinium nasutum as its predator. The logistic Lotka–Volterra predator–prey models with prey-taxis are solved numerically with four different response functions, two initial conditions and one data set. Routh–Hurwitz’s stability conditions are used to obtain the...

This paper deals with the study of a generalized prey-predator system with a reserve area. It is assumed that the habitat is divided into two regions, namely free zone and the other is reserved zone where predation is not allowed. The migration rate of prey population from free zone to reserved zone is predator density dependent. Predator functional response is considered as Holling type II. Bo...