This paper presents some issues in interarticulator programming in speech production, using as an example the production of a vowel, a bilabial stop consonant, and a vowel. The mechanism for making the labial closure is presented as well as the control of the duration of the closure. An examination of the coordination of the tongue movement from the first to the second vowel with the lip moveme...

A new type of programming methodology, built around structured programming ideas, has been gaining widespread acceptance for production programming. This paper discusses how this methodology has been introduced into a large production programming organization. Finally it analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each component of the methodology and recommends ways it can be introduced in a ...

This study considers pricing, production and transportation decisions in a Stackelberg game between three-stage, multi-product, multi-source and single-period supply chains called leader and follower. These chains consist of; manufacturers, distribution centers (DCs) and retailers. Competition type is horizontal and SC vs. SC. The retailers in two chains try to maximize their profit through pri...

In agricultural economics, several calibration and aggregation approaches have evolved in mathematical programming models. This article combines in a linear programming model features of the Positive Mathematical Programming method with an aggregation approach that is constrained to the production possibility set spanned by a convex combination of observed production activities. The combination...

recently, lotfi et al. [10] established an equivalence model between the output-oriented dual ccr model and multiple objective linear programming (molp) and used an interactive method for finding target unit on efficiency frontier such that the decision maker preferences can be taken into account. however their method is not applicable for situations in which some outputs are undesirable and ne...