Beginning in 1992, the Slow The Spread (STS) pilot project was initiated to target gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) spread rate reduction by controlling populations in the transition zone. The project uses intensive monitoring techniques, with pheromone-baited sticky moth traps, to detect low-level populations and target them for eradication. The primary objective of the pilot project was to ev...

resource limitation in zero time may cause to some profitable projects not to be selected in project selection problem, thus simultaneous project portfolio selection and scheduling problem has received significant attention. in this study, budget, investment costs and earnings are considered to be stochastic. the objectives are maximizing net present values of selected projects and minimizing v...

earned value management is a critical project managementmethodology that evaluates project performance from cost andschedule viewpoints. the novel theoretical framework presented in thispaper estimates future performance of project regarding the past relativeinformation. it benefits from fuzzy regression (fr) models in estimationprocess in order to deal with the vagueness and impreciseness ofre...

In today's competitive world, reduction of production costs has become one of the corporates priorities. Survival triangle (cost, quality and time) is the solution that helps companies focus on these three dimensions and have the ability to compete with other companies. Cost management is the first step in this way that providing solutions and advice to managers who need help to have a precise ...

pinch technology is one of the best methods for designing a multi stream heat exchanger(mshe) through a network; current pinch-based methods, however, lead to a larger and more complicateddesign problems. the major drawback of the current methods is they result in designs having more individual mshe sections than essential, correspond to the enthalpy intervals on temperature vs. enthalpy diagra...

ost estimation for an engineering project traditionally involves development of an “engineer’s estimate” of the project cost to which contingency is added to develop the “total project cost.” Contingency is used to reflect the fact that regardless of the diligence and competence of the estimator, there is uncertainty in the final cost of the project. Material costs change over time, markups and...

Project cost is the main factor contributing to the cost of construction, which accounts for a large proportion of the total investment. So strengthening the management and control of the project cost will be beneficial for the improvement of international competitiveness and conservation of social resource for construction enterprises. The article applies the basic principles of fuzzy mathemat...

in the early stages of a construction project, the reliability and accuracy of conceptual cost estimates are major concerns for clients and cost engineers. previous studies applied scoring methods and established common rules or mathematical methods to assess the quality of cost estimates. however, those approaches have some limitations in adapting to real-world projects or require understandin...