The human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax binds the anaphase promoting complex (APC) and activates it ahead of schedule. Here, we show that APC activation by Tax induces rapid senescence (tax-IRS) independently of p53 and pRB. In response to tax, cyclin A, cyclin B1, securin, and Skp2 becomes polyubiquitinated and degraded starting in S phase. This is followed by a surge in p21(CIP1/WA...

A novel controller product design of remote fish based on Arduino Duemilanove platform is proposed. This system is mainly made up of control system and wireless module. The principle diagram of circuit connection between APC-220 and Arduino is investigated. Connection between APC and computer is described in detail. Then the software flow chart of the controller and its corresponding code are a...

The number of identified E3 ubiquitin ligases has dramatically increased in recent years. However, the substrates targeted for degradation by these particular ligases have not been easily identified. One reason for the inability of matching substrates and ligases is the finding that E3 recognition elements in substrates are often poorly defined. This minimizes the likelihood that bioinformatic ...

The major ubiquitin ligase required for mitosis is the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). This unusually complex E3 ubiquitin ligase targets cell-cycle-related proteins such as cyclins and securin for degradation by the proteasome in mitosis and meiosis. The APC/C is regulated by phosphorylation, as well as by various activators and inhibitors that alter its substrate specificity at ...

Activated Xenopus laevis eggs undergo a series of surface contractions in response to cell-cycle progression but fall to cleave unless the sperm centrosome is present. These surface contraction waves (SCWs) begin at the animal pole and progress around the egg, occur every cell cycle and precede cleavage [1] [2] [3]. The SCWs are biphasic, comprising a relaxation phase (SCWa) and a contraction p...

abstract among rhizospheric bacteria, great attention has been paid to the group of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr), and their role in increasing the growth and health of plants. therefore, it is used largely as inoculum all over the world. the rhizospheric bacterium, which has the genus of flavobacterium, and promotes plants growth, has been studied in recent years. in the present ...