A mesh optical network consists of several cross-connecting nodes (Figure 6.1). Some nodes are O-E-O and some all optical. Large nodes are capable of carrying aggregate traffic at extremely high capacities, and also to add–drop and groom traffic. Each interconnecting link consists of many dual fibers (one fiber per direction), and they include signal conditioners (equalization and regeneration)...

Background: Nowadays, extensive technological advancements have made it possible to use nanopaints which show exciting properties. In IR Iran excessive radon levels (up to 3700 Bq m–3) have been reported in homes located in radon prone areas. Over the past decades, concerns have been raised about the risk posed by resi- dential radon exposure.Objective: This study aims at investigating the ef...

introduction: agriculture is one of the main uses of the land. using agriculture to increase production is always with acidification and loss of groundwater reserves. therefore, with proper planning for use of agricultural land so that to leave the least negative impacts on the soil and water pollution, it is regarded imperative for sustainable development. this study is aimed to better underst...

Collagen-induced arthritis is a B cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Recently published studies have demonstrated that in some rare cases pathogens can confer protection from autoimmunity. Trypanosoma brucei parasites are tsetse fly transmitted extracellular protozoans causing sleeping sickness disease in humans and Nagana in livestock in sub-Saharan endemic areas. In the past, we demonstrated t...