Prostaglandin E2 plays a role in an array of pathophysiological responses, including inflammation, carcinogenesis and so on. Prostaglandin E2 is synthesized from arachidonic acid by the enzymes cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin E synthase. In some pathological conditions, the isozymes cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 are transiently induced, leading to prostaglandin E2 ...

Abstract NAD +-boosting via nicotinamide riboside (NR) confer anti-inflammatory effects. However, underlying mechanisms and therapeutic potential remain incompletely defined. Given +is a co-enzyme in oxidoreductive reactions, metabolomics analysis identified two major metabolites that were increased by NR: inosine Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Both PGE2 supplementation blunted IFNβ release, however ...

The effect of adenosine in insulin secretion and adenylate cyclase activity of rat islets of Langerhans was investigated. Adenosine inhibited insulin secretion stimulated by glucose, glucagon, prostaglandin E2, tolbutamine and theophylline. Adenosine decreased basal adenylate cyclase activity of the islets as well as that stimulated by glucagon prostaglandin E2 and GTP, although fluoride-stimul...

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a lipid mediator that modulates the function of myeloid immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic (DCs) through activation G protein-coupled receptors EP2 EP4. While both EP4 signaling leads to an elevation intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels stimulating Gα s protein, also couples inhibitory i protein decrease production cAMP. The receptor-...

Prostaglandins and thromboxane are ubiquitous compounds and play important roles in cardiovascular homeostasis, inflammation, reproduction, respiration, mitogenesis and gene transcription and so on. These actions of prostanoids are presumed to be mediated by plasma membrane receptors belonging to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. However, several lines of evidence suggest prostano...

Human urine was analyzed by mass spectrometry for the presence of prostaglandins. Prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha were detected in urine from females by selected ion monitoring of the prostaglandin E2-methylester-methoxime bis-acetate and the prostaglandin F2alpha-methyl ester-Tris-trimethylsilylether derivative. Additional evidence for the presence of prostaglandin F2alpha was obtained by isolati...

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM A major objective of investigators is to clarify the role of metabolites in achievement of maximum tooth movement with minimal root damage during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the effect of administration of thyroid hormone, prostaglandin E2, and calcium on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats. MAT...

BACKGROUND The central and peripheral inflammatory response to surgery may influence patient outcomes. This study examines the time course and clinical relevance of changes in prostaglandin E2 and cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid, local tissue (surgical site), and circulating blood during and after total hip replacement. METHODS Thirty osteoarthritis patients undergoing primary total hip arth...

Isolated kidneys of Dahl salt-sensitive rats (DS) excrete sodium less readily than those of Dahl salt-resistant rats (DR). The collecting tubule is an important source of papillary prostaglandin E2 and is a site of significant sodium reabsorption. We cultured renal papillary collecting tubule cells from 5-week-old, prehypertensive DS and DR on a low salt diet and also after 14 weeks of high sal...

Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) facilitates water reabsorption in renal collecting duct principal cells by activation of vasopressin V2 receptors and the subsequent translocation of water channels (aquaporin-2, AQP2) from intracellular vesicles into the plasma membrane. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) antagonizes AVP-induced water reabsorption; the signaling pathway underlying the diuretic response is not k...