Limbah cangkang kepiting bakau yang dihasilkan dari industri pengolahan di Kota Tarakan menjadi salah satu penyebab masalah pencemaran lingkungan. Salah cara untuk dapat mengurangi risiko yaitu dengan mengolah limbah kitosan. Penelitian terkait modifikasi pada tahap demineralisasi dilakukan karena mengandung mineral tinggi sehingga akan kualitas kitosan dihasilkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah ...

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by impairments in social/communication abilities and restricted behaviors. The present study aims to examine color vision discrimination in ASD children and adolescents without intellectual disability. The participants were also subdivided in order to compare color vision thresholds of autistic participants and tho...

OBJECTIVES To quantify chromatic dysfunction in Best disease to reassess the classic categorization of macular chromatic damage and to investigate psychophysical and clinical correlations. METHODS Color-contrast discrimination was measured using 2 different psychophysical strategies in age-matched control (n = 41) and patient (n = 34) eyes. The first strategy measured performance along 3 main...

BACKGROUND To assess the ability of the Chromatest in investigating diabetic maculopathy. METHOD Patients with Type 2 diabetes and no concurrent ocular pathology or previous laser photocoagulation were recruited. Visual acuities were assessed followed by colour contrast sensitivity testing of each eye using Chromatest. Dilated fundoscopy with slit lamp biomicroscopy with 78 D lens was then pe...

The HRR pseudoisochromatic plate (pip) test was originally designed as a screening and diagnostic test for color vision deficiencies. The original HRR test is now long out of print. We evaluate here the new 4th edition of the HRR test, produced in 2002 by Richmond Products. The 2002 edition was compared to the original 1955 edition for a group of subjects with normal color vision and a group wh...

PURPOSE To characterize contrast sensitivity (CS) across the visual field for two achromatic spatial-temporal frequencies in 21 families with Stargardt disease (STGD) and to correlate psychophysical impairment with patterns of change in multifocal electroretinography (mfERG). METHODS Twenty-seven eyes from patients with STGD, 16 eyes from asymptomatic relatives, and 44 age-matched control eye...

A new test of peripheral color contrast is described. A high-definition color monitor driven by a personal computer with a graphics interface card displays an annulus subtending 25 degrees at the eye. The color contrast between the annulus and the background can be varied. Forty-five degrees of the annulus is randomly removed in one of four quadrants. Patients are asked to identify the position...

The present study evaluated the efficacy of an adapted version of the Mollon-Reffin test for the behavioral investigation of color vision in capuchin monkeys. Ten tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp., formerly referred to as Cebus apella) had their DNA analyzed and were characterized as the following: one trichromat female, seven deuteranope dichromats (six males and one female), and two prota...

PURPOSE The genetics underlying inherited color vision deficiencies is well understood: causative mutations change the copy number or sequence of the long (L), middle (M), or short (S) wavelength sensitive cone opsin genes. This study evaluated the potential of opsin gene analyses for use in clinical diagnosis of color vision defects. METHODS We tested 1872 human subjects using direct sequenc...