tion, and thought that visual solar radiation might provide protection from developing MS. In 1970, a study from Switzerland (which is on a similar latitude in the northern hemisphere as Tasmania is in the southern hemisphere) [5] showed a higher clinical RR in winter and spring months, and a later study (also from the northern hemisphere) [6] of seasonal fluctuations in Gd-enhancing lesions on...

in this research, the applicability of geographic information system (gis) and remote sensing (rs) techniques was tested to assess soil erosion risk with the icona erosion model. this study was carried out in the tange bostanak area because of its variety of diverse landforms, land uses and land covers. the erosion risk assessment phase of this model consists of seven steps that mainly use slop...

In most of England and Wales the incidence of malignant melanoma of the skin has risen rapidly in recent years, especially in women. Mean incidences in the 14 English health regions and Wales correlated negatively with latitude and positively with hours of sunshine, suggesting that exposure to sunshine was an important causal factor. Male and female incidences within a region tended to show sim...

The use of engineering risk analysis and multi-objective decision-making under risk are considered as tools for floodplain management and extreme flood protection. Distinction is made between (a) the catchment or large scale planning and (b) the local or small-scale design of protection measures. After defining the risk of flooding at different scales and specifying the multiple criteria that m...

A better understanding of how livestock respond to weather is essential to enable farming to adapt to a changing climate. Climate change is mainly expected to impact dairy cattle through heat stress and an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events. We investigated the effects of weather on milk yield and composition (fat and protein content) in an experimental dairy herd in Scotland o...

Aerosols play a significant yet complex and central role in the Earth’s radiation budget, and knowledge of long-term changes in the atmospheric turbidity induced by aerosols is therefore fundamental for a better understanding of climate change. However, there is little available information on changes in aerosol concentration in the atmosphere, especially prior to the 1980s. The present paper r...

Rapid minimization of energy consumption in excitable tissues is effective protection from lethal effects of extreme metabolic stress. The ATP-sensitive K(+) channels in the brain respond in ATP-depleted metabolic states such as hypoxia and may be involved in the protection mechanism against energy-consuming generalized seizure.