It has been generally believed that the major reason for the widespread malnutrition and growth retardation in early childhood in many countries in the world is the existence of a “protein gap” in the diets of children in these countries. There has been overwhelming emphasis on protein deficiency as the major factor concerned in childhood malnutrition. Though the term “protein-calorie malnutrit...

Background: Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), is an imbalance between protein and energy intake the body’s requirement for optimal growth. In Pakistan, almost 40% of children, less than 5 years, have stunted growth, while 17.7% suffer from muscle wasting. This study aimed to explore frequency different types in children under years residing Sikandarabad evaluate risk factors leading this condi...

Protein malnutrition promotes hepatic steatosis, decreases insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I production and retards growth. To identify new molecules involved in such changes, we conducted DNA microarray analysis on liver samples from rats fed an isoenergetic low-protein diet for 8 h. We identified the fibroblast growth factor 21 gene (Fgf21) as one of the most strongly up-regulated genes unde...

Protein-energy malnutrition with muscle wasting occurs in a large proportion of patients with chronic renal failure and is, in addition to atherosclerosis, a strong risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in dialysis patients. There is evidence that a chronic inflammation with activation of C-reactive protein and proinfalammatory cytokines is associated with increased oxidative stress and endo...