We study the causes of sustained participation in political movements. To identify persistent effect protest participation, we randomly indirectly incentivize Hong Kong university students into an antiauthoritarian protest. role social networks, randomize this treatment’s intensity across major-cohort cells. find that incentives to attend one within a movement increase subsequent attendance but...

Social movements rely in large measure on networked communication technologies to organize and disseminate information relating to the movements' objectives. In this work we seek to understand how the goals and needs of a protest movement are reflected in the geographic patterns of its communication network, and how these patterns differ from those of stable political communication. To this end...

Following the Arab Spring, a debate broke out among both academics and pundits as to how important social media had been in bringing about what may have been the least anticipated political development of the 21st century. Critics of the importance of social media pointed in particular to two factors: (a) the proportion of social media messages that were transmitted in English; and (b) the prop...

In the literature it is suggested that the number of protest responses can depend on the valuation method. Choice Experiments (CE) are said to generate a lower number of protest responses than Contingent Valuation (CV). In a project about forest biodiversity both CE and CV were used and protest beliefs of all respondents irrespective of their willingness to pay determined. According to our anal...

Communication scholars have articulated the concept of protest paradigm to capture the news media’s tendency to portray social protests as deviant, threatening, or impotent. Developments in the media and social environment have led to more diversified media representations of protests, however. Correspondingly, scholars have started to treat the protest paradigm as a variable. Extending this li...

A supporter of a candidate for office may wish to restrict her power or to send her a message by casting a protest vote against her. A sufficiently large protest may convince the candidate to accept the protesters’ demands after winning the election; however, if the protest is too large then it risks causing the candidate to lose to a disliked opponent. I study a model of protest voting in whic...

Modern protest movements rely on digital activism social media, which serves as a conduit for mobilization. In the media landscape, internet memes have emerged popular practice of expressing political protest. Although it is known that facilitates mobilization, researchers neglected how distinct types content affect Moreover, research regarding users’ perspectives mobilization through lacking. ...