This Account covers research dating from the early 1960s in the field of low-melting molten salts and hydrates,which has recently become popular under the rubric of "ionic liquids". It covers understanding gained in the principal author's laboratories (initially in Australia, but mostly in the U.S.A.) from spectroscopic, dynamic, and thermodynamic studies and includes recent applications of thi...

We investigate the nuclear isotropic shielding constants σ((13)C) and σ((17)O) of isomers of retinoic acid and retinal in gas-phase and in chloroform, acetonitrile, methanol, and water solutions via Monte Carlo simulation and quantum mechanics calculations using the GIAO-B3LYP∕6-311++G(2d,2p) approach. Electronic solute polarization effects due to protic and aprotic solvents are included iterat...

The synthesis of protic ionic liquids based in carboxylate anions, too often admitted as being straightforward, is actually challenging and must be carefully addressed. This review discusses the importance oligomeric particular those on carboxylates, behavior nature liquids. There strong evidence literature that synthesis, subsequent purification, involving carboxylic acids, leads to structures...

The fluorescence of conjugated polymer film was effectively quenched in polar protic solvent upon UV light irradiation and recovered by aging-in-air or reneutralization with amine.

The conformational equilibrium of 3-(dimethylazinoyl)propanoic acid (DMAPA, azinoyl = N(+)(O(-)) has a weak pH-dependence in D(2)O, with a slight preference for trans in alkaline solutions. The acid ionization constants of the protonated amine oxide and carboxylic functional groups as determined by NMR spectroscopy were 7.9 x 10(-4) and 6.3 x 10(-6), respectively. The corresponding value of K(1...

The intermolecular hydrogen bonding of barbiturates assists in the supramolecular aggregation and a hypsochromic shift is shown protic solvents.

We show that pharmaceutically active protic ionic liquids can be designed to rapidly transport through model membranes as neutral hydrogen bonded clusters.

Human milk fat (HMF) triacylglycerols (TAGs) mainly contain palmitic acid esterified at the sn-2 position while oleic and other unsaturated fatty acids are located positions sn-1,3. This study aimed production of HMF substitutes (HMFS) by lipase-catalyzed acidolysis tripalmitin with acid, in a solvent-free medium. Burkholderia cepacia lipase (BCL) was immobilized silica (prepared protic or apro...

The Z --> E photoisomerization and fluorescence quantum yields for the wild-type green fluorescence protein (GFP) chromophore (p-HBDI) and its meta- and para-amino analogues (m-ABDI and p-ABDI) in aprotic solvents (hexane, THF, and acetonitrile) and protic solvents (methanol and 10-20% H(2)O in THF) are reported. The dramatic decrease in the quantum yields on going from aprotic to protic solven...