OBJECTIVES Sleep bruxism (SB) is a parasomnia defined as a stereotyped movement disorder characterized by grinding or clenching of the teeth during sleep. Pathophysiologically, SB is the result of biological and psychosocial influences. Treatment comprises behavioral, orthodontic and pharmacological interventions. While benzodiazepines and muscle relaxants have been reported by clinicians to re...

SCUBA diving exposes divers to decompression sickness (DCS). There has been considerable debate whether divers with a Patent Foramen Ovale of the heart have a higher risk of DCS because of the possible right-to-left shunt of venous decompression bubbles into the arterial circulation. Symptomatic neurological DCS has been shown to cause permanent damage to brain and spinal cord tissue; it has be...

EDITORIAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH For a comprehensive psychiatric care multidisciplinary approach is the only answer and psychiatric care is incomplete if only medications are given for the psychiatric illness. Invariably psychiatric cases have a multitude of problems-physical, psychosocial, occupational , financial etc. Though in a case the cause-effect relationship may not be clearly evide...

Following a report of the efficacy of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) in the treatment of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis a further randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study was undertaken with the intention of entering 56 patients. In the event it was possible to recruit only 27 patients in a 2.5 year period. Three patients received active treatment openly and 24 were randomised...

This study compares empirical type I error and power of different permutation techniques that can be used for partial correlation analysis involving three data vectors and for partial Mantel tests. The partial Mantel test is a form of first-order partial correlation analysis involving three distance matrices which is widely used in such fields as population genetics, ecology, anthropology, psyc...

The definition of alcoholism has long been marked by uncertainty and conflict, yet no better term exists to describe chronic and dependent overconsumption. Alcohol is drunk mostly for its pharmacological effects on the central nervous system (CNS), and when dependence sets in, consumption is increased because of tolerance and the need to avoid withdrawal symptoms. The effects on the CNS include...

Seventy-five years ago, just after the end of World War II in 1946, T. Cecil Gray (Fig. 1) was a general practitioner downtown Liverpool, giving anaesthetics bombed-out community and at local rundown hospitals. Although working very basic challenging conditions that time, he managed to describe one most important contributions clinical anaesthesia his generation: concept balanced anaesthesia, w...

Izard's Differential Emotions Scale (DES) was administered to 204 University of Delaware undergraduates under each of four imaginal mood-induction conditions (labelled: General Depression, Curiosity, Specific Depression and Anxiety) and an actual pre-exam condition. A factor analysis of DES items supported the construct validity of some subscales. A repeated-measures multiple discriminant funct...

Objective. To validate a translated version of the revised and expanded Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS2) to be used by Italian patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Methods. The AIMS2 was translated into Italian and administered to a cohort of 178 outpatients with symptomatic OA of the knee who attended 12 participating rheumatological institutes in northern, central and sou...